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Endocrine System: Key Glands and Hormones

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Termini in questo insieme (18)

  • Main function of the thymus
    The thymus is primarily responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes (T cells), which are essential for adaptive immunity.
  • Two hormones produced by the thymus
    The thymus produces thymosin and thymopoietin, which stimulate T cell development and differentiation.
  • Male and female gonads
    Male gonads are the testes; female gonads are the ovaries.
  • Role of FSH and LH in males
    FSH stimulates sperm production; LH stimulates testosterone production in males.
  • Role of FSH and LH in females
    FSH stimulates ovarian follicle development; LH triggers ovulation and corpus luteum formation.
  • Definition of gametes
    Gametes are reproductive cells: sperm in males and eggs (ova) in females.
  • Meaning of anabolic effect
    Anabolic effect refers to the promotion of tissue building and growth, such as muscle mass increase.
  • Meaning of androgenic effect
    Androgenic effect refers to the development of male secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair and deep voice.
  • Function of progesterone
    Progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and maintains the uterine lining during gestation.
  • Location of the pineal gland
    The pineal gland is located in the brain, near the center between the two hemispheres.
  • Hormone produced by the pineal gland
    The pineal gland produces melatonin.
  • Function of melatonin
    Melatonin regulates circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles.
  • Leptin: source and function
    Leptin is secreted by adipose tissue and regulates appetite and energy balance by signaling satiety.
  • What is ANP?
    Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) is a hormone that reduces blood volume and pressure by promoting sodium excretion.
  • Source of ANP secretion
    ANP is secreted by the atria of the heart.
  • Stimulus for ANP production
    ANP production is stimulated by atrial stretch due to increased blood volume.
  • Definition of natriuresis
    Natriuresis is the excretion of sodium in the urine, which helps reduce blood volume and pressure.
  • Endocrine roles of the kidneys
    Kidneys produce hormones like erythropoietin for red blood cell production and renin for blood pressure regulation.