Exam 3 Flashcards By MATI (Respiratory System)

the movable muscular fold that forms the back one-third of the roof of the mouth

part of nasal cavity superior to nostrils

1. a specialized mucous membrane lining the roof and upper parts of the nasal cavity responsible for the sense of smell

   1. has olfactory epithelium

a specialized, pseudostratified layer of tissue located on the roof of the nasal cavity that is responsible for the sense of smell (olfaction)

the specialized soft tissue lining the inside of the Respiratory Mucosa - MeSH - NCBI, including the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree.

thin, scroll-shaped bony plates that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

four pairs of hollow, air-filled cavities located inside the bones of your face and skull, surrounding your nasal cavity

an inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses

1. a muscular tube in the middle of the neck that connects the nose (nasal cavity) to larynx and mouth to esophagus

   1. funnel shaped

   2. commonly known as the throat

Archway between oropharynx and oral cavity

two oval-shaped, fleshy masses of lymphoid tissue located on the left and right sides of the back of your throat

collections of lymphoid tissue located on the posterior third (root or base) of the tongue, right behind the sulcus terminalis

1. Sites of gas exchange (all microscopic structures)

2. Consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

1. Consists of all other airways, from nose to respiratory bronchioles

   1. Conduits that transport air to and from sites of gas exchange

   2. Cleanse, warm, and humify incoming air

a thick band of elastic tissue that forms the core of the true vocal cord (vocal fold) in the larynx

two bands of smooth muscle tissue located side-by-side in the larynx (voice box) inside the throat

Opening between vocal folds

a thick fold of mucous membrane inside the larynx (voice box)

intermittent release of expired air during opening and closing of glottis

1. a breathing technique where you try to exhale forcefully with your mouth closed and your nose pinched shut (or against a closed glottis), building up pressure inside your chest and abdomen

2. intra-abdominal pressure rises as abdominal muscles contract with a closed glottis

1. inflammation of vocal folds

2. Vocal folds swell, interfering with vibrations

3. Changes vocal tone, causing hoarseness

1. procedure in which air in victim’s lungs is used to “pop out,” or expel, an obstructing piece of food

   1. Tracheal obstruction is life threatening: many people have suffocated after choking on a piece of food that suddenly closed off their trachea

they end with bronchus (primary, secondary, tertiary) and the bronchioles

tiny, branching air passages in the lungs that connect larger bronchi to the microscopic air sac

the smallest, most distal air-conducting tubes of the respiratory system

the branching network of air passages that transports air from the windpipe (trachea) deep into the lungs

the narrowest, final branches of the bronchial tree in the lungs that mark the transition between the air-conducting zone and the gas-exchange zone

tiny, microscopic tubes in the lungs that connect the respiratory bronchioles to the alveolar sacs and individual alveoli

grape-like clusters of individual air-filled cavities (called alveoli) located at the very end of the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts in the lungs

1. a thin tissue barrier in the lungs that separates the air inside the alveoli (air sacs) from the blood in the surrounding pulmonary capillaries

   1. blood air barrier allowing gas exchange by simple diffusion

   2. Consists of alveolar and capillary walls with a shared basement membrane

1. thin, flat cells that make up the vast majority of the inner lining of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs

2. Alveolar wall made of simple squamous epithelium

1. specialized, scattered cuboidal epithelial cells found in the tiny air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs

2. secrete surfactant and antimicrobial proteins along inner surface

1. mobile specialized, tissue-resident immune cells located on the surface of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs

2. keep inner surfaces clean and sterile, consuming bacteria and other debris

   1. about 2 million macrophages/hour carried by cilia to throat and swallowed

1. small, round or oval openings in the walls (septa) of adjacent pulmonary alveoli in the lungs

   1. connect adjacent alveoli

   2. Equalize air pressure throughout lungs

   3. Provide alternate routes in case of airway blockages

smallest subdivisions visible to naked eye, hexagonal in shape

thin, double-layered serosal (serous) membrane that divides thoracic cavity into two pleural compartments and a central mediastinum

layer that lines inner surface of thoracic wall and superior face of diaphragm; continues inward to form lateral mediastinal walls

layer that lines external lung surface, dipping into fissures

the narrow, fluid-filled potential space located between the two layers of the pleura

a small amount of natural, transparent liquid (normally about 10 to 20 mL) located in the pleural space

1. Provides lubrication as visceral and parietal pleurae slide past each other

2. Provides surface tension that resists separation of pleurae

3. Helps keep lungs (visceral pleura) connected to thoracic wall and diaphragm (parietal pleura)