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Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Physiology

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Termini in questo insieme (30)

  • Increased potassium level in the blood
    Hyperkalemia
  • Decreased potassium level in the blood
    Hypokalemia
  • Increased sodium level in the blood
    Hypernatremia
  • Decreased sodium level in the blood
    Hyponatremia
  • Increased magnesium level in the blood
    Hypermagnesemia
  • Decreased phosphate level in the blood
    Hypophosphatemia
  • Phosphate homeostasis is closely associated with which other homeostasis?
    Calcium homeostasis
  • Major extracellular cation
    Sodium
  • Major extracellular anion
    Chloride
  • Major intracellular cation
    Potassium
  • Ion accounting for most osmolarity of ECF and biggest impact on blood pressure
    Sodium ion
  • Direction of water movement in osmosis when more solute particles are added to one side
    Water moves toward the side with more solute particles
  • Effect of hypotonic solution infusion on red blood cells
    Cells expand due to water moving into them
  • Effect of hypertonic solution infusion on red blood cells
    Cells shrink due to water moving out
  • Effect of isotonic solution infusion on red blood cells
    Cells show no change in size
  • Equation showing CO2 and H2O relationship with bicarbonate and hydrogen ions
    \(\mathrm{CO_2} + \mathrm{H_2O} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H_2CO_3} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{HCO_3^-}\)
  • Enzyme catalyzing the CO2 and H2O reaction to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions
    Carbonic anhydrase
  • Primary organ compensating respiratory acid-base imbalance
    Kidneys
  • Primary organ compensating metabolic acid-base imbalance
    Lungs
  • pH = 7.32, PCO2 = 42 mm Hg, HCO3- = 20 mEq/L: primary imbalance and compensation
    Metabolic acidosis with no compensation
  • pH = 7.55, PCO2 = 21 mm Hg, HCO3- = 18 mEq/L: primary imbalance and compensation
    Respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation
  • pH = 7.26, PCO2 = 60 mm Hg, HCO3- = 26 mEq/L: primary imbalance and compensation
    Respiratory acidosis with no compensation
  • pH = 7.56, PCO2 = 52 mm Hg, HCO3- = 44 mEq/L: primary imbalance and compensation
    Metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation
  • pH = 7.53, PCO2 = 27 mm Hg, HCO3- = 22 mEq/L: primary imbalance and compensation
    Respiratory alkalosis with no compensation
  • pH = 7.27, PCO2 = 25 mm Hg, HCO3- = 11 mEq/L: primary imbalance and compensation
    Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
  • pH = 7.47, PCO2 = 52 mm Hg, HCO3- = 37 mEq/L: primary imbalance and compensation
    Metabolic alkalosis with complete compensation
  • pH = 7.34, PCO2 = 65 mm Hg, HCO3- = 34 mEq/L: primary imbalance and compensation
    Respiratory acidosis with partial compensation
  • Does a patient with pH 7.37, PCO2 30 mm Hg, HCO3- 19 mEq/L have an acid-base imbalance?
    False, no acid-base imbalance present
  • Patient with pH 7.26 and hyperventilating: name the imbalance and role of hyperventilation
    Respiratory alkalosis; hyperventilation is the cause
  • Patient with pH 7.32 and hypoventilating: name the imbalance and role of hypoventilation
    Respiratory acidosis; hypoventilation is the cause