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Integumentary System - Anatomy & Physiology

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What are the main layers of the skin?

    The skin consists of three main layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis), which is not part of the skin.

  • What structures are found in the dermis?

    The dermis contains papillary and reticular layers, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, sensory nerve fibers, and connective tissue.

  • What is the function of friction ridges on fingertips?

    Friction ridges consist of epidermal ridges that lie on top of dermal ridges and help make fingerprints, improving grip.

  • What are flexure lines and where are they found?

    Flexure lines are folds in the skin where the dermis is closely attached to underlying structures, commonly found on the palms and joints.

  • What causes stretch marks (striae)?

    Stretch marks are caused by extreme stretching of the skin that tears the dermis, leaving silvery white scars called striae.

  • What are the three layers of a hair shaft?

    The hair shaft consists of three layers: cuticle (outer), cortex (middle), and medulla (core).

  • What are the components of the hair follicle wall?

    The hair follicle wall includes the peripheral connective tissue sheath, glassy membrane, and epithelial root sheath (external and internal).

  • What is the role of the hair matrix and hair papilla?

    The hair matrix contains actively dividing cells that produce hair, while the hair papilla provides blood supply to the matrix.

  • What are the main types of cutaneous glands?

    Main cutaneous glands include eccrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands.

  • What is the function of eccrine sweat glands?

    Eccrine sweat glands produce sweat for thermoregulation and are found all over the body.

  • What causes acne in sebaceous glands?

    Acne is caused by infectious inflammation of sebaceous glands, often involving Propionibacterium acne infection, leading to pimples.

  • What is seborrhea (cradle cap)?

    Seborrhea is an overactive sebaceous gland condition in infants, causing pink, raised scalp lesions that flake off.

  • How does the skin protect the body?

    The skin acts as a barrier against physical, chemical, and biological harm, preventing pathogen entry and water loss.

  • What is the significance of cleavage lines in the dermis?

    Cleavage lines are separations between collagen fiber bundles; surgical incisions parallel to these lines heal better.

  • What happens to skin with excessive sun exposure?

    Excessive UV exposure damages elastic fibers, causes leathery skin, depresses the immune system, and can lead to skin cancer.

  • What is photosensitivity and what can cause it?

    Photosensitivity is an increased skin reaction to sunlight, caused by some drugs like antibiotics and perfumes, leading to rashes.

  • What are the sensory structures in the skin?

    The skin contains sensory nerve fibers with free nerve endings, lamellar corpuscles, and hair follicle receptors for sensation.

  • What is the role of the dermal vascular plexus?

    The dermal vascular plexus supplies blood to the dermis and epidermis, aiding in thermoregulation and nutrient delivery.

  • What is the subcutaneous tissue and its function?

    The subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is composed mainly of adipose tissue, providing insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.

  • What are the three degrees of burns and their characteristics?

    1st-degree burns affect only the epidermis, 2nd-degree burns affect epidermis and part of dermis, and 3rd-degree burns destroy full thickness of skin.