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Integumentary System - Anatomy & Physiology

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What are the main layers of the skin?

    The skin consists of three main layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis), which is not part of the skin.

  • What structures are found in the dermis?

    The dermis contains the papillary layer and reticular layer, blood vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and connective tissue.

  • What is the function of friction ridges on the skin?

    Friction ridges consist of epidermal ridges that lie on top of dermal ridges and help make fingerprints, improving grip.

  • What are flexure lines and where are they found?

    Flexure lines form where the dermis is closely attached to underlying structures, commonly found on the palms and joints.

  • What causes stretch marks (striae)?

    Extreme stretching of skin causes dermal tears, resulting in silvery white scars called striae or stretch marks.

  • What are the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial?

    The epidermis layers are: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (only in thick skin), and stratum corneum.

  • What is the role of the stratum basale?

    The stratum basale is the deepest epidermal layer where keratinocytes are produced by mitosis and melanocytes provide pigment.

  • What is the function of melanocytes in the skin?

    Melanocytes produce melanin pigment, which protects against UV radiation and contributes to skin color.

  • What are the main components of a hair follicle?

    A hair follicle includes the peripheral connective tissue sheath, glassy membrane, epithelial root sheath, and the hair root with cuticle, cortex, and medulla.

  • What is the hair matrix and its function?

    The hair matrix is the growth zone at the base of the hair follicle where cells divide to produce new hair.

  • What are the two main types of sweat glands?

    The two main sweat glands are eccrine glands, which regulate temperature, and apocrine glands, which are associated with hair follicles in specific areas.

  • What is the function of sebaceous glands?

    Sebaceous glands secrete oily sebum that lubricates and waterproofs the skin and hair.

  • What causes acne in relation to sebaceous glands?

    Acne is an inflammation of sebaceous glands often caused by bacterial infection and blocked ducts.

  • How does the skin protect the body?

    The skin acts as a physical barrier against pathogens, UV radiation, and chemical damage, and prevents water loss.

  • What role does the skin play in body temperature regulation?

    The skin regulates temperature through sweat gland secretion and blood vessel dilation or constriction.

  • What are the sensory functions of the skin?

    The skin contains sensory receptors for touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.

  • What is the Rule of Nines in burn assessment?

    The Rule of Nines estimates the percentage of body surface area affected by burns to guide treatment.

  • What distinguishes 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns?

    1st-degree burns affect only the epidermis, 2nd-degree burns affect epidermis and part of dermis, and 3rd-degree burns destroy full thickness of skin.

  • What is the dermal vascular plexus?

    The dermal vascular plexus is a network of blood vessels in the dermis that supplies nutrients and regulates temperature.

  • What is the hypodermis and its function?

    The hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) is a layer of adipose tissue that insulates, cushions, and anchors the skin to underlying structures.