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Introduction to Anatomy & Organ Systems

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Termini in questo insieme (28)

  • What determines the specific functions of body structures?
    Specific functions are performed by specific structures; structure determines function.
  • What is microscopic anatomy?
    The study of structures that cannot be seen without magnification, including cytology (cells) and histology (tissues).
  • What is gross anatomy?
    The study of structures visible to the unaided eye, including surface, regional, and systemic anatomy.
  • Name three other perspectives on anatomy.
    Developmental anatomy, clinical anatomy, and radiographic anatomy are examples of other perspectives.
  • What are the four major elements making up 99% of the human body?
    Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen.
  • List the major classes of compounds in the human body.
    Water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
  • What are the levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest?
    Chemical/molecular, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism.
  • What are the 11 organ systems of the human body?
    Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphoid, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
  • Define responsiveness and adaptability in physiology.
    Responsiveness is a change in activity based on a stimulus; adaptability is long-term responsiveness.
  • What is metabolism and its two main processes?
    Metabolism includes all chemical reactions; anabolism builds molecules, catabolism breaks them down.
  • What is the anatomical position?
    Standing upright, arms at sides, palms facing forward, feet flat, and face looking straight ahead.
  • What is the difference between supine and prone positions?
    Supine is lying face up; prone is lying face down.
  • What are the three main body planes used in sectional anatomy?
    Sagittal (divides left and right), frontal/coronal (divides front and back), and transverse/horizontal (divides top and bottom).
  • What is the ventral body cavity and what does it contain?
    A body cavity housing respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs, separated by the diaphragm.
  • What protects and lubricates the ventral body cavity?
    Serous membranes, a two-layer membrane system.
  • What is the function of the integumentary system?
    Protects from environmental hazards and controls body temperature.
  • What are the major functions of the skeletal system?
    Support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, and blood formation.
  • What does the muscular system do?
    Allows locomotion, provides support, and produces heat.
  • What is the role of the nervous system?
    Directs immediate responses to stimuli and coordinates activities of other organ systems.
  • What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
    Transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases.
  • What does the lymphoid system do?
    Defends against infection and disease; returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream.
  • What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
    Delivers air to sites where gas exchange occurs between air and circulating blood.
  • What are the main functions of the digestive system?
    Processes food and absorbs organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water.
  • What does the urinary system regulate?
    Eliminates excess water, salts, and waste products; controls pH.
  • What is the role of the reproductive system?
    Produces sex cells and hormones.
  • Name the nine abdominopelvic regions.
    Right and left hypochondriac, epigastric, right and left lumbar, umbilical, right and left inguinal, and hypogastric regions.
  • What organs are found in the right upper quadrant (RUQ)?
    Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of stomach, small and large intestine.
  • What organs are found in the left lower quadrant (LLQ)?
    Most of small intestine, portions of large intestine, left ureter, and reproductive organs.