Skip to main content
Indietro

Sensory Physiology and Nervous System Anatomy

I pulsanti di controllo sono stati cambiati in modalità "navigazione".
1/20

Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • Central vs Peripheral Nervous System
    CNS includes brain and spinal cord; PNS includes afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) neurons connecting CNS to body.
  • Types of Sensory Input to CNS
    Includes position receptors in ear, touch, pressure, pain, temperature receptors in skin, chemical receptors in nose and tongue, light receptors in eyes, and sound receptors in ear.
  • Direction of Action Potential Propagation
    Action potentials propagate from the receptor cell to the afferent neuron and then to the CNS.
  • Neuronal Pathway for Sensory Signal
    Sensory signals travel from receptors to first-order neurons, then to second-order neurons in spinal cord or brainstem, and finally to third-order neurons in the cortex.
  • Labeled Lines in Sensory Systems
    Specific sensory receptors connect to distinct neuron populations in the cortex, preserving the modality of sensation.
  • Sensory Cortex Somatotopy
    Different body regions map to specific areas in the sensory cortex, forming a sensory homunculus.
  • Receptive Field
    The area of skin or sensory surface that activates a single sensory neuron; size affects spatial resolution.
  • Effect of Receptive Field Size
    Smaller receptive fields allow finer spatial discrimination; larger fields reduce resolution but increase sensitivity.
  • Lateral Inhibition
    Neural mechanism where activated neurons inhibit neighbors to sharpen sensory signals and improve contrast.
  • Types of Sensory Receptors in Skin
    Includes Merkel's disks, Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and free nerve endings.
  • Tonic vs Phasic Receptors
    Tonic receptors adapt slowly and respond continuously; phasic receptors adapt rapidly and respond to changes.
  • Pain Modulation by Endogenous Opiates
    Endogenous opiates reduce pain perception by inhibiting pain pathways in the CNS.
  • Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
    A therapy that uses electrical stimulation to reduce pain by activating non-painful sensory pathways.
  • Visual System Pathway
    Light detected by retina photoreceptors, signals sent via optic nerve to thalamus, then to visual cortex.
  • Refraction of Light
    Bending of light rays by cornea and lens to focus images on the retina.
  • Accommodation Mechanism
    Ciliary muscles adjust lens shape to focus on near or far objects by changing lens curvature.
  • Photoreceptors in Retina
    Includes rods for low light and cones for color vision and acuity.
  • Color Blindness
    A condition caused by absence or malfunction of certain cone types, affecting color perception.
  • Auditory System Components
    Includes outer ear, middle ear, cochlea with organ of Corti, and auditory cortex for sound processing.
  • Vestibular System Function
    Maintains equilibrium and balance using semicircular canals and otolith organs.