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Skeletal and Muscular Systems Overview - Anatomy & Physiology

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • Primary functions of the skeletal system

    The skeletal system provides support, movement, protection, storage of minerals, and hematopoiesis (blood cell formation).

  • Four classifications of bones by shape

    Long, short, flat, and irregular bones are the four groups classified by their general shape.

  • Types of osseous tissue in bones

    Bones are composed of compact bone and spongy bone, which vary in proportion depending on the bone type.

  • Role of compact bone

    Compact bone provides dense, strong support and protection, forming the outer layer of bones.

  • Role of spongy bone

    Spongy bone contains trabeculae and spaces that house bone marrow, aiding in hematopoiesis and reducing bone weight.

  • Gross anatomy of a long bone includes

    Features such as the diaphysis (shaft), epiphyses (ends), medullary cavity, periosteum, and articular cartilage.

  • Bone remodeling

    Bone remodeling is a continuous process where old bone is resorbed and new bone is formed to maintain strength and mineral balance.

  • Bone ossification

    Ossification is the process of bone tissue formation during fetal development and growth.

  • Importance of calcium and vitamin D for bones

    Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone strength and proper mineralization.

  • Common types of bone fractures

    Fractures include simple, compound, comminuted, and greenstick, each requiring specific medical treatment for healing.

  • Axial vs. appendicular skeleton

    The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage; the appendicular skeleton includes limbs and girdles.

  • Major bone projections and depressions

    Projections serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments; depressions allow passage of nerves and blood vessels.

  • Structural classification of joints

    Joints are classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial based on the type of connective tissue binding the bones.

  • Functional classification of joints

    Joints are classified as synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), or diarthrosis (freely movable).

  • Synovial joints characteristics

    Synovial joints have a fluid-filled cavity, articular cartilage, and a joint capsule allowing free movement.

  • Common joint-related inflammatory disorders

    Disorders include arthritis types such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis causing joint pain and inflammation.

  • Differences in fetal skeleton

    The fetal skeleton has more cartilage and fewer ossified bones, allowing flexibility during birth and growth.

  • Role of hematopoiesis in bones

    Hematopoiesis is the production of blood cells occurring in the red bone marrow within certain bones.

  • Periosteum function

    The periosteum is a dense membrane covering bones, containing nerves and blood vessels essential for growth and repair.

  • Medullary cavity contents

    The medullary cavity contains yellow bone marrow, primarily composed of fat cells for energy storage.