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Upper Extremity Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology

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Termini in questo insieme (27)

  • Trapezius origin and insertion

    Origin: Occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T12.
    Insertion: Acromion & spine of scapula, lateral clavicle.

  • Trapezius action

    Stabilizes, elevates, retracts, and upwardly rotates the scapula.

  • Rhomboids origin and insertion

    Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T5.
    Insertion: Medial border of scapula.

  • Rhomboids action

    Stabilize scapula; retract and downwardly rotate scapula.

  • Latissimus dorsi origin and insertion

    Origin: Spinous processes T7-L5, ribs 9-12, iliac crest.
    Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus.

  • Latissimus dorsi action

    Extends (prime mover), adducts, and medially rotates humerus.

  • Pectoralis major origin and insertion

    Origin: Sternum, medial clavicle, ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique.
    Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus.

  • Pectoralis major action

    Flexes (prime mover), medially rotates, and adducts humerus.

  • Pectoralis minor origin and insertion

    Origin: Anterior surface of ribs 3-5 (or 2-4).
    Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula.

  • Pectoralis minor action

    Protracts and downwardly rotates scapula.

  • Serratus anterior origin and insertion

    Origin: Ribs 1-9.
    Insertion: Medial border of scapula.

  • Serratus anterior action

    Upwardly rotates and protracts scapula (prime mover). Known as the boxer’s muscle.

  • Deltoid origin and insertion

    Origin: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula.
    Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.

  • Deltoid action

    Abducts humerus (prime mover); also flexes, extends, and medially/laterally rotates humerus.

  • Biceps brachii origin and insertion

    Short head origin: Coracoid process of scapula.
    Long head origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
    Insertion: Radial tuberosity.

  • Biceps brachii action

    Flexes and supinates forearm (prime mover); long head also flexes humerus.

  • Brachialis origin and insertion

    Origin: Distal anterior humerus.
    Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna.

  • Brachialis action

    Prime mover of forearm flexion.

  • Triceps brachii origin and insertion

    Long head origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
    Lateral and medial heads origin: Posterior humerus.
    Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna.

  • Triceps brachii action

    Prime mover of forearm extension.

  • Flexor carpi radialis action

    Flexes hand at wrist and abducts hand (radial deviation).

  • Flexor digitorum superficialis action

    Flexes hand and middle phalanges of fingers II-V.

  • Flexor digitorum profundus action

    Flexes distal interphalangeal joints of fingers II-V.

  • Pronator teres action

    Pronates forearm.

  • Brachioradialis action

    Synergist in forearm flexion; works best in partially flexed and pronated position (beer drinker’s muscle).

  • Rotator cuff muscles

    Subscapularis (medially rotates humerus), Infraspinatus (laterally rotates humerus), Supraspinatus (initiates arm abduction), Teres minor (laterally rotates humerus).

  • Subscapularis action and role

    Medially rotates humerus and stabilizes glenohumeral joint with bicipital tendon.