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3-General Biology: Nervous System and Related Concepts

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Termini in questo insieme (16)

  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    The Peripheral Nervous System consists of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connect the central nervous system to limbs and organs.

  • Central Nervous System (CNS)

    The Central Nervous System includes the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and sending out neural signals.

  • Basic parts of a typical neuron

    A neuron has a cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that transmits impulses.

  • Action potential

    An action potential is an electrical impulse that travels along a neuron, caused by rapid changes in membrane voltage.

  • How neurons conduct electrical impulses

    Neurons conduct impulses by depolarization and repolarization along the axon, transmitting signals to other neurons via neurotransmitters.

  • Role of neurotransmitters

    Neurotransmitters are chemicals released at synapses to transmit signals between neurons or to muscles.

  • Types of neurons

    Neurons include sensory neurons (carry signals to CNS), motor neurons (carry signals from CNS), and interneurons (connect neurons within CNS).

  • Types of glial cells and their functions

    Glial cells support neurons by providing nutrients, insulation (myelin), and maintaining homeostasis.

  • Major brain parts and their functions

    The brain includes the cerebrum (thought, movement), cerebellum (balance), and brainstem (basic life functions).

  • Dopaminergic reward system

    The dopaminergic reward system involves brain areas that release dopamine to reinforce rewarding behaviors.

  • How the dopaminergic reward system works

    Dopamine release in response to rewards motivates behavior by creating feelings of pleasure and reinforcement.

  • Why the dopaminergic reward system is adaptive

    It promotes survival by encouraging behaviors like eating and reproduction through positive reinforcement.

  • Role of oxytocin in childbirth

    Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk release during lactation.

  • Role of oxytocin in social behavior

    Oxytocin promotes social bonding and trust in animals and humans.

  • Microbiome-gut-brain axis and depression

    Gut microbes can influence depression symptoms via hormones, neurotransmitters, and metabolites affecting brain function.

  • Importance of a systems approach to treating depression

    Depression involves multiple body systems; treating it effectively requires addressing interactions among these systems.