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Animal Tissue Types and Histology (lab 7 histology exam)

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Termini in questo insieme (30)

  • What are the four major types of animal tissues?
    Nervous, muscle, epithelial, and connective tissues are the four major types of animal tissues.
  • Primary function of nervous tissue
    Communication through neurons that transmit electrical impulses.
  • Primary function of muscle tissue
    Contraction to produce movement, either voluntary or involuntary.
  • Primary functions of epithelial tissue
    Covers body surfaces and lines cavities for protection, absorption, and secretion.
  • Primary functions of connective tissue
    Provides support, structure, defense, transportation, and storage.
  • How is epithelial tissue classified by layers?
    Simple epithelium has one cell layer; stratified epithelium has multiple layers.
  • How is epithelial tissue classified by cell shape?
    Cells can be squamous (flat), cuboidal (cube-shaped), or columnar (tall and rectangular).
  • Function and location of simple squamous epithelium
    Allows diffusion and filtration; found in lungs, kidneys, blood vessels, and body cavities.
  • Function and location of simple cuboidal epithelium
    Specialized for secretion and absorption; located in kidney tubules and gland ducts.
  • Function and location of simple columnar epithelium
    Involved in secretion (mucus) and absorption; found in digestive tract and female reproductive system.
  • What distinguishes stratified squamous epithelium?
    Multiple layers with top cells flattened (squamous); can be keratinized (dry) or non-keratinized (moist).
  • Function and location of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    Protects against abrasion and drying; found in skin epidermis.
  • Function and location of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    Protects underlying tissue in moist areas; found in mouth, esophagus, vagina.
  • What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
    Single layer of cells with nuclei at different levels, giving a false layered appearance.
  • Function and location of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
    Secretes mucus and moves it with cilia; found in trachea and upper respiratory tract.
  • Effect of smoking on respiratory cilia
    Chemicals in smoke destroy cilia, leading to impaired mucus clearance and smoker's cough.
  • Components and function of connective tissue
    Cells scattered in a protein matrix; functions include support, protection, storage, and transport.
  • Characteristics of loose areolar connective tissue
    Loose fiber matrix with fibroblasts; wraps and cushions organs, found under skin and lining cavities.
  • Characteristics and function of dense regular connective tissue
    Parallel collagen fibers; forms tendons and ligaments for strong attachment.
  • Characteristics and function of dense irregular connective tissue
    Random collagen fiber arrangement; provides structural strength in skin dermis and joints.
  • Features and function of adipose connective tissue
    Large fat cells with nuclei pushed to side; pads, insulates, and stores energy.
  • Structure and function of hyaline cartilage
    Collagen fibers in rubbery matrix with chondrocytes in lacunae; supports and cushions.
  • Structure and function of compact bone tissue
    Hard matrix with osteocytes in lacunae; contains osteons with central canals; supports, protects, and stores calcium.
  • Components and function of blood connective tissue
    Contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets in fluid matrix; transports gases, nutrients, and wastes.
  • Types of muscle tissue and control
    Skeletal muscle is voluntary and striated; cardiac muscle is involuntary, striated, and branched; smooth muscle is involuntary and non-striated.
  • Features of skeletal muscle tissue
    Long, multinucleated, striated fibers; under voluntary control; attached to bones.
  • Features of smooth muscle tissue
    Spindle-shaped, single nucleus, no striations; under involuntary control; found in walls of hollow organs.
  • Features of cardiac muscle tissue
    Branched, striated cells with single nucleus; connected by intercalated disks; involuntary control.
  • Structure and function of neurons
    Cells with axons (carry signals away) and dendrites (receive signals); transmit electrical impulses for communication.
  • Role of myelin sheath and Schwann cells
    Myelin sheath insulates axons; Schwann cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system.