Bio Quiz #1 Study

storing genetic information

A community of living organisms and their interactions with the environment

decreases blood glucose levels

proteomics

chromosome

sunlight

the cell

The global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interactions with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles, unlike eukaryotic cells.

The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product, often a protein.

Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight to convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

A process where the output or product of a system regulates that very process, often through negative or positive feedback.

Negative feedback reduces the effect of the initial stimulus, while positive feedback amplifies it.

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

eukarya

bacteria

diversity

a broad explanation supported by a large body of evidence

To provide a baseline for comparison with the experimental group

inductive reasoning

Qualitative and quantitative data.

An explanation based on observations and assumptions that leads to a testable prediction.

evolution

A process of biological change in which species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments over time.

The process where organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to evolutionary adaptation.

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

The factor in an experiment that is manipulated by the researchers.

The factor in an experiment that is measured and is predicted to be affected by the independent variable.

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism.

Organisms that produce organic compounds from carbon dioxide by harnessing light energy (in photosynthesis) or by oxidizing inorganic chemicals (in chemosynthetic reactions carried out by some prokaryotic organisms).

An individual living thing, consisting of one or more cells.

An experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group; ideally, the two groups differ only in the factor being tested.

An explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence.

In a controlled experiment, a set of subjects that lacks (or does not receive) the specific factor being tested. Ideally, the control group is identical to the experimental group in other respects.

An organism that feeds on producers, other consumers, or nonliving organic material.

elements

A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.

neutron

dalton

number of neutrons

5,730 years

an atom

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique to each element

protons and neutrons

Different atomic forms of the same element, with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

negative

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that determine its chemical behavior

covalent bond

ionic bond

cation

The bonding capacity of an atom is determined by its valence, which is the number of covalent bonds the atom can form to complete its valence shell.

Electronegativity is the attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a covalent bond.

A nonpolar covalent bond is a type of covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms of the same element.

A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally between two atoms, resulting in a partial charge.

A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.

Molecular shape determines how biological molecules recognize and respond to each other with specificity.

Valence is the bonding capacity of an atom, usually equal to the number of electrons required to complete the atom's outermost shell.

Ionic bonds are weaker in aqueous solutions because each ion is partially shielded by interactions with water molecules.

The number of molecules involved

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript.

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.

The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom.

Energy levels of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom.

Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from transient local partial charges.

The bonding capacity of a given atom; the number of covalent bonds that an atom can form, which usually equals the number of unpaired electrons in its outermost (valence) shell.

An atom’s dense central core, containing protons and neutrons.

Subatomic particles having no electrical charge (electrically neutral), found in the nucleus of an atom.

Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions.

The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (structure).

two or more different elements

two or more atoms, different or the same elements

the structure of its atoms

yes

the more energy it has

capacity to cause change

energy due to the matter's location or structure

yes

electrons are shared equally

electrons are not shared equally