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Biomolecules - General Biology Chapter 4

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What are biomolecules?

    Biomolecules are organic molecules that are essential for life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

  • What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

    Carbohydrates provide energy and structural support in cells.

  • What are monosaccharides?

    Monosaccharides are simple sugars like glucose that serve as the basic units of carbohydrates.

  • Define disaccharides.

    Disaccharides are carbohydrates made of two monosaccharides linked together, such as sucrose.

  • What are polysaccharides?

    Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides used for energy storage or structural support, like starch and cellulose.

  • What roles do lipids play in cells?

    Lipids store energy, form cell membranes, and act as signaling molecules.

  • Name the main types of lipids.

    The main types of lipids are fats, phospholipids, and steroids.

  • What is the structure of a triglyceride?

    A triglyceride consists of one glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid chains.

  • What distinguishes saturated from unsaturated fatty acids?

    Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

  • What are phospholipids and their role?

    Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails and form the bilayer of cell membranes.

  • What are proteins made of?

    Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

  • What determines a protein's function?

    A protein's shape and amino acid sequence determine its function.

  • Name the four levels of protein structure.

    The four levels are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure.

  • What is the primary structure of a protein?

    The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein.

  • What are nucleic acids?

    Nucleic acids are biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information, including DNA and RNA.

  • What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

    Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids, composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

  • What nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?

    DNA contains the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

  • How do DNA bases pair?

    Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine via hydrogen bonds.

  • What is the role of RNA?

    RNA helps in protein synthesis and carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.

  • What distinguishes RNA from DNA?

    RNA has the sugar ribose, uses uracil instead of thymine, and is usually single-stranded.