Skip to main content
Indietro

Cellular Respiration - General Biology

I pulsanti di controllo sono stati cambiati in modalità "navigazione".
1/20

Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What is the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

    Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide, water, and energy: \(C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6 O_2 \rightarrow 6 CO_2 + 6 H_2O + Energy\)

  • Where do glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation occur in the cell?

    Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol, the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, and oxidative phosphorylation occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

  • What are the three main stages of aerobic cellular respiration?

    Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation and Citric Acid Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation.

  • What is the role of NADH in cellular respiration?

    NADH is an electron carrier that stores energy by carrying electrons to the electron transport chain to help produce ATP.

  • What happens during a redox reaction in cellular respiration?

    Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons; these reactions transfer energy by moving electrons.

  • Why is glycolysis considered one of the first metabolic pathways to evolve?

    Because it occurs in nearly all organisms and does not require oxygen, it likely evolved before oxygen was abundant in the atmosphere.

  • What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

    Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing the chain to continue and enabling ATP production.

  • How does the electron transport chain contribute to ATP synthesis?

    It pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthase to produce ATP.

  • What is chemiosmosis in oxidative phosphorylation?

    The process where protons flow down their electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase, powering the synthesis of ATP.

  • How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?

    About 30 to 32 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule.

  • What are the products of glycolysis?

    2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 ATP (net), and 2 NADH.

  • Where is pyruvate oxidized and what is produced?

    Pyruvate is oxidized in the mitochondrial matrix to form Acetyl CoA, producing NADH and releasing CO2.

  • What happens during the citric acid cycle?

    Acetyl CoA is fully oxidized to CO2, generating NADH, FADH2, and a small amount of ATP.

  • What is the significance of NAD+ and NADH in cellular respiration?

    NAD+ is an electron acceptor (oxidized form), and NADH is the reduced form that carries electrons to the electron transport chain.

  • What is anaerobic respiration and how does it differ from aerobic respiration?

    Anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain with a final electron acceptor other than oxygen, producing less ATP than aerobic respiration.

  • What is fermentation and when does it occur?

    Fermentation regenerates NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen, allowing glycolysis to continue producing ATP.

  • Compare ATP yield of fermentation and aerobic respiration per glucose molecule.

    Fermentation yields 2 ATP per glucose, while aerobic respiration yields about 30-32 ATP per glucose.

  • What is the role of enzymes in glycolysis?

    Specific enzymes catalyze each step of glycolysis, facilitating the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.

  • How is cellular respiration regulated when ATP is abundant?

    High ATP levels inhibit key enzymes in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, slowing down respiration.

  • How can cyanide affect cellular respiration?

    Cyanide inhibits the electron transport chain by blocking electron transfer to oxygen, stopping ATP production.