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Indietro

Chapter 1

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Termini in questo insieme (17)

  • Biology

    • Biology is the scientific study of life.

    • We recognize life by what living things do.

  • Emergent Properties

    • Emergent properties result from the arrangement and interaction of parts as complexity increases.

    • For example, a functioning bicycle emerges only when all of the necessary parts connect in the correct way.

  • Systems biology

    • To explore emergent properties, biologists complement reductionism with systems biology, analysis of the interactions among the parts of a biology system.

    • Systems biology can be used to study life at all levels

  • Eukaryotic Cell

    • A eukaryotic cell has membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest of which is usually the nucleus.

  • Prokaryotic Cell

    • A prokaryotic cell is simpler and usually smaller and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles.

  • DNA

    • Within cells, structures called chromosomes contain genetic material in the form of DNA (deoxyribonuleicacid)

  • Genes

    • Genes are the units of inheritance.

    • Each chromosome contains one long DNA molecule with hundreds or thousands of genes.

  • Gene expression

    • Gene expression is the process of converting information from gene to cellular product.

  • Genome

    • An organism's genome is its entire "library" of genetic instructions.

  • Genomics

    • Genomics is the study of whole sets of genes in one or more species.

  • Proteomics

    • Proteomics is the study of whole sets and proteins and their properties.

  • Proteome

    • The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organ is called a proteome.

  • Bioinformatics

    • Bioinformatics, which is the use of computational tools to process a large volume of data very rapidly.

  • Producers

    • The chemical energy generated by plants and other photosynthetic organisms (producers) is passed along to consumers.

  • Consumers

    • Consumers are organisms that feed on other organisms on their remains.

  • Feedback Regulation

    • In feedback regulation, the output, or product of a process, regulates that very process.

    • The most common form of regulation in living organisms is negative feedback, in which the response acts in opposition to the initial stimulus.

  • Evolution

    • The scientific explanation for both the unity and diversity of organisms is evolution, the concept that living organisms are modified descendants of common ancestors.