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Chapter 2 lecture 1

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What is an element?

    An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means.

  • Name the three main subatomic particles in an atom.

    Protons (positive charge), neutrons (no charge), and electrons (negative charge).

  • What defines the atomic number of an atom?

    The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom and equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

  • How is the mass number of an atom calculated?

    The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

  • What are isotopes?

    Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different mass numbers due to varying numbers of neutrons.

  • How many neutrons does carbon-13 have?

    Carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons (13 - 6 = 7 neutrons).

  • What is the electron configuration rule for shells?

    Electrons fill shells starting from the closest to the nucleus: 1st shell holds 2 electrons, 2nd shell holds 8, 3rd shell holds 18 but is stable with 8.

  • What is the valence shell?

    The valence shell is the outermost electron shell of an atom, important for chemical bonding.

  • How many protons, electrons, and valence electrons does oxygen have?

    Oxygen has 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 6 electrons in its valence shell.

  • How many protons, electrons, and valence electrons does carbon have?

    Carbon has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 4 electrons in its valence shell.

  • What percentage of the human body is oxygen?

    Oxygen makes up approximately 65% of the human body.

  • List the four most abundant elements in the human body by percentage.

    Oxygen (65%), Carbon (18.5%), Hydrogen (9.5%), Nitrogen (3.3%).

  • What is the charge and location of protons in an atom?

    Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus.

  • What is the charge and location of neutrons in an atom?

    Neutrons have no charge and are located in the nucleus.

  • What is the charge and location of electrons in an atom?

    Electrons have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus in the electron cloud.

  • How many electrons can the first electron shell hold?

    The first electron shell can hold up to 2 electrons.

  • How many electrons can the second electron shell hold?

    The second electron shell can hold up to 8 electrons.

  • How many electrons can the third electron shell hold, and when is it stable?

    The third shell can hold up to 18 electrons but is stable with 8 electrons.

  • What is the atomic number and mass number of Carbon-12?

    Carbon-12 has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 12.

  • What is the difference between Carbon-12, Carbon-13, and Carbon-14 isotopes?

    They differ in neutrons: Carbon-12 has 6, Carbon-13 has 7, Carbon-14 has 8 neutrons.