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Chapter 3 lecture 1

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?
    Carbon can form four covalent bonds due to its four valence electrons.
  • What are hydrocarbons?
    Organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • What is a polymer?
    A long molecule made of many similar or identical building blocks called monomers joined by covalent bonds.
  • What is dehydration synthesis?
    A chemical reaction where two molecules are covalently joined with the removal of a water molecule.
  • What is hydrolysis?
    A reaction that breaks bonds between molecules by the addition of water.
  • What is a monosaccharide?
    The monomer of carbohydrates, typically a multiple of the unit CH2O, such as glucose (C6H12O6).
  • What functional groups are present in monosaccharides?
    Monosaccharides contain a carbonyl group and several hydroxyl groups.
  • What is a disaccharide?
    Two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage formed by a dehydration reaction.
  • What is a polysaccharide?
    Carbohydrate polymers made of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages.
  • What are the main functions of polysaccharides?
    Polysaccharides serve as energy storage and structural support in cells.
  • How are polysaccharides broken down into monosaccharides?
    By hydrolysis, which breaks glycosidic bonds with the addition of water.
  • What is the difference between glucose and fructose structures?
    Glucose has a carbonyl group at the end (aldehyde), fructose has it within the chain (ketone).
  • What is a glycosidic linkage?
    A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis.
  • What is the structure of methane (CH4)?
    A carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms in a tetrahedral shape.
  • What are the types of carbon skeleton variations?
    Length variation, double bonds, branching, and ring formation.
  • Name important chemical groups in organic compounds.
    Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and methyl groups.
  • What is the role of the amino group in organic molecules?
    Acts as a base and can pick up a proton, found in amino acids.
  • What is the function of the phosphate group?
    Contributes negative charge and is involved in energy transfer (e.g., ATP).
  • What is the methyl group important for?
    Affects gene expression and molecular shape, often involved in methylated compounds.
  • What is the difference between starch, glycogen, and cellulose?
    Starch and glycogen are energy storage polysaccharides; cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls.