IndietroChapter 5 Vocab
01:17
Termini in questo insieme (16)
alpha (α) helix
/ˈal-fə_ˈal-fə_ˈhē-liks/
A coiled region that is one part of the secondary proteins that make up the polypeptide backbone.
amino acid
/ə-ˈmē-(ˌ)nō_ˈas-əd/
An organic molecule that has both a carboxyl and amino group(s). Also serves as the monomers of polypeptides.
antiparallel
/ˌan-tē-ˈper-ə-ˌlel/
Arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix.
beta (β) pleated sheet
/ˈbā-tə_ˈbā-tə_ˈplē-təd_ˈshēt/
A form of the secondary proteins in the polypeptide chain. Two regions of the chain lay parallel and are held together by the hydrogen bonds to create the polypeptide backbone.
bioinformatics
/ˌbī-ō-in-fər-ˈma-tiks/
The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets.
carbohydrate
/ˌkär-bō-ˈhī-ˌdrāt/
A sugar or one of its dimers/polymers.
catalyst
/ˈkat-əl-əst/
A chemical "agent" that boosts the reaction without diminishing.
cellulose
/ˈsel-yə-ˌlōs/
A structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls, made up of glucose monomers joined by beta glycosidic linkages.
chitin
/ˈkī-tən/
Another structural polysaccharide, made up of amino sugar monomers found in mushrooms and arthropods.
cholesterol
/kə-ˈles-tə-ˌrōl/
An essential steroid for animal cells membranes that also helps make up several other important steroids like hormones.
dehydration reaction
/ˌdē-hī-ˈdrā-shən_rē-ˈak-shən/
A chemical reaction where two molecules form a covalent bond when a water molecule is removed.
denaturation
/(ˌ)dē-ˌnā-chə-ˈrā-shən/
When proteins lose their shape due to weak bonds. In DNA, when the strands of the double helix separate. Denaturation occurs under extreme (noncellular) conditions of pH, salt concentration, or temperature.
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
/(ˌ)dē-ˈäk-si-ˌrī-bō-n(y)u̇-ˌklā-ik_ˈa-səd_d-n-a/
A nucleic acid molecule, in the shape of a double-stranded helix, where each polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Determines genetic makeup.
deoxyribose
/(ˌ)dē-ˌäk-si-ˈrī-ˌbōs/
The sugar component in DNA, which has one less hydroxyl group than ribose, the sugar in RNA.
disaccharide
/(ˈ)dī-ˈsak-ə-ˌrīd/
A double sugar, formed of two monosaccharides and formed by a dehydration reaction.
disulfide bridge
/(ˌ)dī-ˈsəl-ˌfīd_brij/
A strong covalent bond formed when the sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another cysteine monomer.