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General Biology: Basic Concepts and Molecular Structure

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  • What are nucleic acids?

    Nucleic acids are biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information in cells, including DNA and RNA.

  • Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

    Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotes have a nucleus and organelles.

  • What is the role of taxonomists?

    Taxonomists classify organisms into groups such as domains and kingdoms based on shared characteristics.

  • Name the three domains of life

    The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

  • What are kingdoms in biological classification?

    Kingdoms are major groups within domains, such as Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera.

  • What is a protist?

    Protists are mostly unicellular eukaryotes that do not fit into the other kingdoms like plants or animals.

  • What is an atom's atomic structure?

    An atom consists of a nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbitals.

  • What determines an atom's electron configuration?

    Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals, following energy levels and the octet rule.

  • Explain the octet rule

    The octet rule states atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight electrons in their outer shell.

  • What is a covalent bond?

    A covalent bond is a chemical bond where atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

  • Difference between polar and nonpolar atoms

    Polar atoms have unequal sharing of electrons causing partial charges; nonpolar atoms share electrons equally.

  • What is a hydrogen bond?

    A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and an electronegative atom in another.

  • What are compounds in biology?

    Compounds are substances formed when two or more different elements chemically bond together.

  • What is a hydrocarbon?

    Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

  • What causes an atom to be positively or negatively charged?

    An atom becomes positively charged by losing electrons and negatively charged by gaining electrons.