Skip to main content
Indietro

General Biology: Biomolecules and Macromolecules

I pulsanti di controllo sono stati cambiati in modalità "navigazione".
1/20

Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What are the four main classes of biological macromolecules?
    Nucleic acids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids.
  • What is a polymer and what are its building blocks?
    A polymer is a large molecule made of repeating smaller units called monomers.
  • What process links monomers to form polymers?
    Dehydration synthesis (condensation) removes water to form a new bond between monomers.
  • How are polymers broken down into monomers?
    Hydrolysis adds water to break bonds, releasing monomers from polymers.
  • Why is carbon essential in biological molecules?
    Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing complex, branched molecules with diverse shapes and functions.
  • What is a functional group in organic molecules?
    A functional group is a specific group of atoms that participates in chemical reactions and determines molecule properties.
  • Name three important functional groups in biomolecules.
    Hydroxyl (-OH), Carboxyl (-COOH), and Amino (-NH2) groups.
  • What is the monomer and polymer of carbohydrates?
    Monomer: Monosaccharide; Polymer: Polysaccharide.
  • What are the monomers and polymers of proteins?
    Monomers: Amino acids; Polymers: Polypeptides or Proteins.
  • What type of bond links amino acids in a protein?
    A peptide bond formed by dehydration synthesis links amino acids.
  • What determines the unique properties of amino acids?
    The side chain (R group) determines amino acid polarity, charge, and behavior.
  • What are the four levels of protein structure?
    Primary (amino acid sequence), Secondary (alpha helices and beta sheets), Tertiary (3D folding), and Quaternary (multi-subunit assembly).
  • How do changes in pH or temperature affect proteins?
    They can denature proteins by disrupting hydrogen and ionic bonds, causing loss of structure and function.
  • What is the monomer and polymer of nucleic acids?
    Monomer: Nucleotide; Polymer: DNA or RNA.
  • What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
    A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
  • What is the difference between DNA and RNA sugars?
    DNA contains deoxyribose (lacking 2' OH), RNA contains ribose (with 2' OH).
  • Which nitrogenous bases are purines and which are pyrimidines?
    Purines: Adenine (A), Guanine (G); Pyrimidines: Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Uracil (U).
  • How do bases pair in DNA?
    A pairs with T via two hydrogen bonds; G pairs with C via three hydrogen bonds.
  • What type of bond links nucleotides in a nucleic acid strand?
    Phosphodiester bonds link the 3' hydroxyl of one sugar to the 5' phosphate of the next.
  • What is ATP and why is it important?
    Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the cell's main energy currency, providing energy for cellular processes.