Skip to main content
Indietro

General Biology: Biomolecules and Macromolecules (unit 1)

I pulsanti di controllo sono stati cambiati in modalità "navigazione".
1/20

Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What are the four main classes of biological macromolecules?
    Nucleic acids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids.
  • What is a polymer and what are its building blocks called?
    A polymer is a large molecule made of repeating smaller units called monomers.
  • What process builds polymers from monomers?
    Dehydration synthesis (condensation) removes water to form bonds between monomers.
  • What process breaks polymers into monomers?
    Hydrolysis adds water to break bonds and release monomers.
  • Why is carbon important in biological molecules?
    Carbon can form four bonds, branch in multiple directions, and create diverse molecules essential for life.
  • What are functional groups in organic molecules?
    Specific groups of atoms attached to carbon skeletons that determine chemical properties and reactions.
  • Name three important functional groups in biomolecules.
    Hydroxyl (-OH), Carboxyl (-COOH), and Amino (-NH2) groups.
  • What is the monomer and polymer of carbohydrates?
    Monomer: Monosaccharide; Polymer: Polysaccharide.
  • What monomers make up proteins and what is the polymer called?
    Monomers: Amino acids; Polymer: Polypeptide or protein.
  • What type of bond links amino acids in proteins?
    Peptide bonds formed by dehydration synthesis link amino acids.
  • What determines the unique properties of amino acids?
    The side chain (R group) determines polarity, charge, and behavior.
  • What are the four levels of protein structure?
    Primary (amino acid sequence), Secondary (alpha helices and beta sheets), Tertiary (3D folding), and Quaternary (multi-subunit assembly).
  • How do changes in pH or temperature affect proteins?
    They can denature proteins by disrupting hydrogen and ionic bonds, altering shape and function.
  • What is the monomer of nucleic acids and what polymers do they form?
    Monomer: Nucleotide; Polymers: DNA and RNA.
  • What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
    A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
  • What is the difference between DNA and RNA sugars?
    DNA contains deoxyribose (lacking 2' OH), RNA contains ribose (with 2' OH).
  • Which nitrogenous bases are purines and which are pyrimidines?
    Purines: Adenine (A), Guanine (G); Pyrimidines: Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Uracil (U).
  • How do bases pair in DNA?
    A pairs with T via two hydrogen bonds; G pairs with C via three hydrogen bonds.
  • What type of bond links nucleotides in a nucleic acid strand?
    Phosphodiester bonds link the 3' hydroxyl of one sugar to the 5' phosphate of the next.
  • What is ATP and why is it important?
    Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the cell's main energy currency, providing energy for cellular processes.