IndietroGeneral Biology: Cell Membrane and Transport Vocabulary
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Termini in questo insieme (37)
Osmosis is the diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane.
The electrochemical gradient is the diffusion gradient of an ion affected by both concentration difference (chemical force) and membrane potential (electrical force).
Exocytosis is the cellular secretion of biological molecules by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.
A concentration gradient is a region where the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases.
A transmembrane protein is an integral protein that spans the entire membrane.
Plasmolysis is when the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall due to water loss in a hypertonic environment.
Turgid describes a swollen plant cell that has a lower water potential than its surroundings, causing water entry.
Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis where the cell ingests extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes.
The sodium-potassium pump actively transports sodium out and potassium into animal cells using energy.
Facilitated diffusion is the passive transport of molecules down their electrochemical gradient via specific transmembrane proteins without energy use.
A hypotonic solution causes a cell to take up water when surrounding it.
An electrogenic pump is an active transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane while pumping ions.
Flaccid describes a limp plant cell that loses water due to higher water potential inside than outside.
Endocytosis is cellular uptake of molecules and particles via vesicle formation from the plasma membrane.
Selective permeability is the property of membranes to regulate passage of substances across them.
The fluid mosaic model describes the membrane as proteins drifting laterally in a fluid phospholipid bilayer.
Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
An isotonic solution causes no net water movement into or out of a cell.
An ion channel is a transmembrane protein that allows specific ions to diffuse down their gradient.
A glycoprotein is a protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates.
A transport protein helps specific substances cross the membrane.
A gated channel opens or closes in response to a stimulus.
Diffusion is the random motion of particles resulting in net movement from higher to lower concentration.
Membrane potential is the voltage difference across a membrane due to ion distribution.
Cotransport couples downhill diffusion of one substance to uphill transport of another against its gradient.
Tonicity is the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.
Passive transport is diffusion across a membrane without energy expenditure.
Phagocytosis is endocytosis of large particles or organisms by cells like macrophages.
A peripheral protein is loosely bound to the membrane surface or integral proteins, not embedded in the bilayer.
Osmoregulation is the control of solute concentrations and water balance by cells or organisms.
A proton pump uses ATP to transport hydrogen ions out of a cell, generating membrane potential.
A hypertonic solution causes a cell to lose water when surrounding it.
Aquaporin is a channel protein that facilitates osmosis of water across membranes.
A glycolipid is a lipid with covalently attached carbohydrates.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is uptake of specific molecules via vesicles with receptor proteins.
Active transport moves substances against their gradient using energy and transport proteins.
An integral protein spans the membrane with hydrophobic regions inside and hydrophilic regions outside or lining channels.