IndietroGeneral Biology: Cell Structure and Function
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Termini in questo insieme (20)
A simpler, smaller cell with no true nucleus (has a nucleoid), lacks membrane-bound organelles, but has a plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes, and cytoplasm.
Cells with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Includes animal and plant cells with distinct organelles.
Lysosomes, centrosomes (primary microtubule-organizing center), and flagella.
Chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall, and plasmodesmata.
Hollow tubes that maintain cell shape, guide movement, and reassemble constantly. Include cilia and flagella; anchored by basal body; motor protein is dynein.
Two intertwined strands of actin that support cell shape, bear tension, and help move the membrane forward.
Fibrous proteins coiled into cables that maintain cell shape, anchor nucleus and organelles, and form nuclear lamina; more permanent than other cytoskeleton types.
Protects plant cells, maintains shape, prevents excessive water uptake, and is made of cellulose fibers.
Channels that perforate plant cell walls, allowing communication and transport between cells.
Channels in animal cells that allow communication and transport between adjacent cells, similar to plasmodesmata in plants.
Holds chromosomes made of DNA and proteins (chromatin); acts as the cell's library storing genetic information.
Includes nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane; connected directly or via vesicles.
Studded with ribosomes; synthesizes glycoproteins, distributes transport vesicles, and acts as a membrane factory.
Lacks ribosomes; synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs/poisons, and stores calcium.
Complexes of ribosomal RNA and protein that perform protein synthesis in the cytosol and on the ER; have large and small subunits.
Five flattened sacs (cisternae) that modify ER products, manufacture macromolecules, and sort/package materials in transport vesicles; vesicles enter cis side and exit trans side.
Membranous sacs with hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules; function best in acidic environment; recycle organelles (autophagy) and digest engulfed cells (phagocytosis).
Food vacuoles (hold food), contractile vacuoles (pump water out), and central vacuoles (in plants, store organic compounds and water).
Site of cellular respiration using oxygen to generate ATP, the cell's energy currency.
Found in plants and algae; site of photosynthesis; contain chlorophyll and enzymes; have thylakoids (membrane stacks), granum (stack of thylakoids), and stroma (internal fluid).