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General Biology: Cell Structure and Function

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Termini in questo insieme (17)

  • Plasma membrane

    Function: Selectively permeable regulation of cell contents.
    Structure: Bilayer of amphipathic phospholipids.
    Found in: All cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic).

  • Nucleus

    Function: Holds the DNA.
    Structure: Nuclear envelope membrane.
    Found in: Eukaryotic cells only.

  • Nucleolus

    Function: Produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
    Structure: Non-membrane bound dense region inside the nucleus.
    Found in: Eukaryotic cells.

  • Mitochondrion

    Function: Powerhouse of the cell, converts energy.
    Structure: Double membrane with inner folded membrane.
    Found in: Eukaryotic cells.

  • Chloroplast

    Function: Site of photosynthesis.
    Structure: Double membrane with internal stacks of thylakoids.
    Found in: Plant cells and some protists.

  • Cell wall

    Function: Provides structural support and shape.
    Structure: Rigid layer outside the plasma membrane.
    Found in: Plant cells, fungi, and some prokaryotes.

  • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

    Function: Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals.
    Structure: Network of membrane-bound tubules without ribosomes.
    Found in: Eukaryotic cells.

  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

    Function: Synthesizes proteins destined for export.
    Structure: Membrane-bound tubules studded with ribosomes.
    Found in: Eukaryotic cells.

  • Golgi apparatus

    Function: Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins.
    Structure: Stacked, flattened membrane sacs.
    Found in: Eukaryotic cells.

  • Lysosome

    Function: Digestion and waste processing.
    Structure: Membrane-bound vesicles containing enzymes.
    Found in: Animal cells.

  • Central vacuole

    Function: Stores water and nutrients, maintains turgor pressure.
    Structure: Large membrane-bound sac.
    Found in: Plant cells.

  • Peroxisome

    Function: Breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances.
    Structure: Membrane-bound organelle with enzymes.
    Found in: Eukaryotic cells.

  • Centrosome

    Function: Organizes microtubules during cell division.
    Structure: Region containing centrioles.
    Found in: Animal cells.

  • Free ribosomes

    Function: Synthesize proteins for use within the cell.
    Structure: Non-membrane bound RNA-protein complexes.
    Found in: All cells.

  • Microtubules

    Function: Support cell shape and serve as tracks for organelle movement.
    Structure: Hollow protein cylinders.
    Found in: Eukaryotic cells.

  • Microfilaments

    Function: Drive cell shape changes and movement.
    Structure: Thin, threadlike protein fibers.
    Found in: Eukaryotic cells.

  • Intermediate filaments

    Function: Provide mechanical support and maintain cell integrity.
    Structure: Rope-like protein fibers.
    Found in: Eukaryotic cells.