IndietroGeneral Biology: Cell Structure and Function
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Termini in questo insieme (30)
Cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Cell wall is a rigid outer layer found in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists that provides structural support and protection.
Cellular metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions within a cell that maintain life, including catabolic and anabolic pathways.
Central vacuole is a large, membrane-bound sac in plant cells that stores water, nutrients, and waste, and helps maintain turgor pressure.
Centrosome is an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center in animal cells and plays a key role in cell division.
Chloroplast is a plant cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs, containing the pigment chlorophyll and structures like thylakoids and stroma.
Chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins in the nucleus that condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.
Chromosome is a condensed, organized structure of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information.
Cilium is a short, hair-like projection on the cell surface that aids in movement or sensing the environment.
Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid inside the cell membrane that contains organelles and is the site of many cellular processes.
Cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules) that provides cell shape, support, and movement.
Cytosol is the aqueous component of the cytoplasm in which organelles and particles are suspended.
Electron microscope uses electron beams to achieve higher resolution imaging of cells and structures than light microscopes.
Endomembrane system is a group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.
Endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane network involved in protein and lipid synthesis; includes rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER (without ribosomes).
Endosymbiont theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, and are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Extracellular matrix is a network of proteins and carbohydrates outside animal cells that provides structural support and mediates cell communication.
Flagellum is a long, whip-like structure that enables cell motility in some prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Glycoproteins are proteins with carbohydrate chains attached, important for cell recognition and signaling.
Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.
Granum is a stack of thylakoids in chloroplasts where light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.
Integrins are membrane proteins that connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton, facilitating cell adhesion and signaling.
Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal components that provide mechanical support and maintain cell shape.
Light microscope uses visible light to magnify specimens, allowing observation of living cells and tissues.
Lysosomes are organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules and cellular debris.
Microfilaments are thin cytoskeletal fibers made of actin that support cell shape and enable movement.
Microtubules are hollow tubes of tubulin proteins that maintain cell shape, enable intracellular transport, and form cilia and flagella.
Mitochondrial matrix is the innermost compartment of mitochondria where the Krebs cycle occurs.
Mitochondria are organelles that generate ATP through cellular respiration and have their own DNA.