Skip to main content
Indietro

General Biology: Cellular Reproduction and Meiosis

I pulsanti di controllo sono stati cambiati in modalità "navigazione".
1/40

Termini in questo insieme (40)

  • What is DNA packaged into within the cell?

    Chromosomes package DNA inside the cell.

  • What is the structure of DNA called?

    The structure of DNA is called a double helix.

  • What type of cells does mitosis produce?

    Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells.

  • What is the process called when cells become specialized after division?

    Cells become specialized through a process called differentiation.

  • Name the three categories of cells in multicellular organisms.

    a. Stem cells
    b. Somatic cells
    c. Germ cells

  • What does sexual reproduction require?

    Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of sperm and egg cells.

  • What does asexual reproduction produce?

    Asexual reproduction produces offspring called clones.

  • What type of cell division do bacteria use?

    Bacteria use a type of cell division called binary fission.

  • With what proteins is eukaryotic DNA packaged?

    Eukaryotic DNA is packaged with proteins called histones.

  • What is the region that holds sister chromatids together?

    The region that holds sister chromatids together is the centromere.

  • What do telomeres protect?

    Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes.

  • What are the three phases of interphase?

    G1: cell growth
    S: DNA replication
    G2: preparation for mitosis

  • What is mitosis and what is cytokinesis?

    Mitosis is the division of the nucleus. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.

  • What type of cells does meiosis produce?

    Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.

  • What major event happens during prophase of mitosis?

    Chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

  • What happens during metaphase of mitosis?

    Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.

  • What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

    Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

  • What happens during telophase of mitosis?

    Chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelopes reform.

  • What is cytokinesis?

    The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.

  • What is a karyotype?

    A karyotype is a visual display of all chromosomes in a cell arranged by size and shape.

  • How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

    Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

  • What are the 22 non-sex chromosomes called?

    They are called autosomes.

  • What are homologous chromosomes?

    Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes but may have different alleles.

  • What is a diploid cell?

    A diploid cell contains paired chromosomes (two sets).

  • What does the haploid number (n) represent?

    The haploid number represents the number of chromosomes in a gamete (one set).

  • Why are gametes haploid?

    Gametes are haploid because they contain half the number of chromosomes of somatic cells.

  • What are the human sex chromosomes?

    The human sex chromosomes are X and Y.

  • What causes alleles to arise?

    Alleles arise from changes in DNA called mutations.

  • How does sexual reproduction increase genetic variability?

    It involves the union of genetically different gametes.

  • What are the two divisions of meiosis?

    Meiosis consists of Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

  • How many haploid daughter cells does meiosis produce?

    Meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells from one diploid cell.

  • When is DNA replicated in meiosis?

    DNA is replicated before the first meiotic division.

  • What separates during Meiosis I?

    Homologous chromosomes separate during Meiosis I.

  • What separates during Meiosis II?

    Sister chromatids separate during Meiosis II.

  • What is crossing over?

    Crossing over is the exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes during prophase I.

  • What are chiasmata?

    Chiasmata are the physical points where chromosomes exchange DNA.

  • What is independent assortment?

    Random alignment of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I, leading to genetic variation.

  • What is nondisjunction?

    Nondisjunction is an error in meiosis where chromosomes fail to separate properly.

  • What disorders can result from nondisjunction?

    Disorders include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome.

  • Why are gametes genetically unique?

    Because of crossing over, independent assortment, and fertilization.