IndietroGeneral Biology: Cellular Respiration
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Termini in questo insieme (48)
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into usable energy (ATP).
ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell.
The three stages are glycolysis, the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Glycolysis breaks one glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a net gain of 2 ATP.
The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
The citric acid cycle is also called the Krebs cycle.
Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.
The electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
NADH and FADH₂ function as electron carriers, transporting high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.
NAD⁺ is reduced to form NADH when it accepts electrons.
A net gain of 2 ATP molecules is produced during glycolysis.
Carbon dioxide is released during the citric acid (Krebs) cycle.
Water is formed at the end of the electron transport chain when oxygen accepts electrons and protons.
The majority of ATP is produced during oxidative phosphorylation.
The movement of hydrogen ions (protons) across the membrane creates a proton gradient.
Chemiosmosis is the process where protons move through ATP synthase to drive the production of ATP.
Cellular respiration is an exergonic process because it releases energy.
The reactants are glucose and oxygen.
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and produces much more ATP; fermentation occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP.
ATP production would stop because ATP synthase is essential for synthesizing ATP using the proton gradient.
Because oxygen is limited, muscles switch to lactic acid fermentation to produce ATP anaerobically.
\(\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}\)
NADH carries high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain to help produce ATP.
Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration and produce most of the cell's ATP.
One glucose molecule produces approximately 30–32 ATP molecules.
The electron transport chain uses energy from electrons to create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthase.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is the gain of electrons.
Fermentation is an anaerobic respiration process that occurs when oxygen is unavailable.
What is the redox reaction?
The transfer of electrons from one molecule to another
The overall goal of cellular respiration is to
produce ATP
What organelle does most cellular respiration occur in
motochondria
Oxygen is considered what in aerobic respiration
final electron acceptor
During cellular respiration what loses elctrons and is oxidized and what gains electrons and is reduced
Glucose, Oxygen
Does Glycolysis require energy
no
Where does glycolysis occur
in the cytoplasm
aerobic respiration vs anarobic respiration
needs oxygen, doesn't need oxygen
NADH and FADH are
Electron carriers
Which step produces the majority of ATP
electron transport chain
where does ATP synthase get its energy
uses enrrgy from a proton graident
Where does lactic acid fermentation occur
muscle cells
Alchohol fermentation produces
ethanol and carbon dioxide
Glycolysis
in the cytoplasm, from glucose (6 carbon) - 2 pyruvate (3 carbon each), 2 NADH
Net gain of 2 ATP
Citric acid (Krebs) cycle
occurs in mitochondira matrix, produces 2 ATP, ^nADh, and 2 FADH2, realeases CO2, 2 cycles
Oxidative Phosphorylation
occurs in inner mitochondrial membrane, electron transport chain and chemiosmosis, produces most ATP 26-28
Oxidation
loss of electrons, gaind of oxygen, loss of hydrogen
Reduction
gain of electrons, loss of oxygen, gain of hydrogen
What are the 2 stages of glycolysis
Energy investment, energy payoff