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General Biology: Chapter 1 & 13 Key Concepts

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What is biology?

    Biology is the scientific study of life.

  • What is the scientific method process in biology?

    Exploration → Hypothesis → Prediction → Experiment → Communication and Outcomes.

  • What makes a hypothesis scientific?

    A hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable.

  • What is the role of peer review in science?

    Peer review involves qualified, impartial experts evaluating research to ensure quality and validity before publication.

  • Define a scientific theory.

    A theory is a comprehensive, well-substantiated explanation supported by a large body of evidence, broader than a hypothesis.

  • What distinguishes a fact in science?

    A fact is information considered objectively true based on current evidence and verifiable observations.

  • What is a controlled experiment?

    An experiment comparing groups that differ in only one variable, with a control group lacking the tested factor and an experimental group receiving it.

  • List the properties required for life.

    Order, Cells, Growth and Development, Energy Processing, Regulation, Reproduction, Response to Environment, and Evolution.

  • What is the relationship between structure and function in biology?

    Biological structures are shaped to perform specific functions, seen at molecular to organ levels.

  • Give an example of structure-function relationship.

    Lungs have a branched structure providing large surface area for air exchange; red blood cells have indentations increasing oxygen diffusion.

  • What is meant by information flow in biology?

    Information must be received, transmitted, and used for life functions, such as gene expression and hormonal regulation.

  • What are the four molecular building blocks of DNA?

    Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T).

  • How do energy and matter move through ecosystems?

    Energy flows through ecosystems entering as light and exiting as heat; matter is recycled within the system.

  • What is metabolism?

    Metabolism is the network of chemical reactions in cells that convert energy and recycle matter.

  • What are emergent properties in biological systems?

    New properties that arise from the specific arrangement and interactions of parts at higher levels of complexity.

  • What is evolution?

    Evolution is the process of change transforming life on Earth, explaining unity and diversity of organisms.

  • What is natural selection?

    Natural selection is the process where individuals with traits best suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully.

  • How do mutations relate to natural selection?

    Mutations occur randomly and provide genetic variation; natural selection edits these changes by favoring beneficial traits.

  • What evidence supports evolutionary relationships?

    Comparing DNA sequences among species reveals common ancestors and evolutionary trees.

  • How does science limit coordinated conspiracies promoting false ideas?

    Science requires repeatability, peer review, openness to criticism, and builds on multiple lines of evidence.