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General Biology: Characteristics of Life, Evolution, and Scientific Inquiry

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What is biology?

    Biology is the scientific study of life, focusing on millions of organisms on Earth and their interactions.

  • What are the 6 characteristics of living things?

    1. composed of cells 2. grow and develop 3. regulate metabolic processes 4. respond to stimuli 5. reproduce 6. adapt to the environment.

  • What is the cell theory?

    The cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of life, organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

  • Difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms

    Unicellular organisms consist of one cell performing all life functions; multicellular organisms have specialized cells performing specific functions.

  • What is growth and development in living organisms?

    Growth is an increase in cell number or size; development produces defined characteristics and changes over time.

  • What is metabolism?

    Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism, essential for nutrition, growth, repair, and energy conversion.

  • What is homeostasis?

    Homeostasis is the self-regulation of internal conditions to maintain a balanced, stable environment.

  • How do organisms respond to environmental stimuli?

    Organisms respond to physical stimuli like light, temperature, pressure, and chemical stimuli such as soil or water composition.

  • What are adaptations?

    Adaptations are short- or long-term processes and structures that help organisms adjust to environmental changes.

  • What are the two types of reproduction in living organisms?

    Asexual reproduction produces exact copies by DNA replication and division; sexual reproduction involves fusion of egg and sperm, increasing genetic diversity.

  • What is biological evolution?

    Biological evolution is the change in populations over many generations, leading to adaptations to the environment.

  • What is natural selection?

    Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution where individuals with favorable traits survive and reproduce, passing traits to the next generation.

  • What are Darwin's four observations for natural selection?

    Individuals vary, produce more offspring than survive, favorably adapted survive and reproduce, and successful organisms pass on traits.

  • What is the hierarchy of biological organization?

    Atoms form molecules, molecules form cells, cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organ systems, and organ systems form organisms.

  • Define population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere.

    Population: members of one species in an area; Community: populations interacting; Ecosystem: community plus nonliving environment; Biosphere: all Earth's ecosystems.

  • What is the scientific method?

    Steps include observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, data collection, and conclusion to test explanations.

  • What makes a good scientific hypothesis?

    A hypothesis is a tentative, testable, and falsifiable explanation for an observed phenomenon.

  • What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

    A hypothesis is a testable prediction; a theory is an integrated explanation supported by many observations and experiments.

  • How does camouflage provide an evolutionary advantage?

    Camouflage helps organisms blend with their environment, reducing predation and increasing survival.

  • What is cystic fibrosis and its genetic basis?

    Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder causing thick mucus that obstructs lungs and pancreas, due to defective chloride ion transport proteins.