Skip to main content
Indietro

General Biology Key Concepts and Terms

I pulsanti di controllo sono stati cambiati in modalità "navigazione".
1/29

Termini in questo insieme (29)

  • Cell Membrane Structure

    The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

  • Nucleus Function

    The nucleus stores genetic material (DNA) and coordinates cell activities like growth and reproduction.

  • Endomembrane System Components

    Includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles, which work together to modify, package, and transport proteins and lipids.

  • Semiautonomous Organelles

    Organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts that have their own DNA and can grow and reproduce independently within the cell.

  • Cytoskeleton Role

    The cytoskeleton provides structural support, aids in cell movement, and organizes organelles within the cell.

  • ATP in Cellular Energy

    ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the main energy currency of the cell, providing energy for cellular processes.

  • Enzyme Function

    Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

  • Cellular Respiration Overview

    Process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

  • Photosynthesis Purpose

    Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

  • Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

    Principles of segregation and independent assortment that explain how traits are inherited.

  • Cell Cycle Phases

    The cell cycle includes interphase (growth and DNA replication) and mitosis (cell division).

  • DNA Replication

    Process of copying DNA before cell division, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

  • Transcription

    Conversion of DNA sequence into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus.

  • Translation

    Process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA template.

  • Recombinant DNA Technology

    Techniques used to join DNA from different sources to create genetically modified organisms.

  • Natural Selection

    Mechanism of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce.

  • Speciation

    Process by which new species arise from existing species through evolutionary mechanisms.

  • Phylogeny and Taxonomy

    Phylogeny studies evolutionary relationships; taxonomy classifies organisms based on these relationships.

  • Major Invertebrate Phyla

    Groups of animals without backbones, such as mollusks, arthropods, and annelids.

  • Human Circulatory System

    System that transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body.

  • Immune System Function

    Defends the body against pathogens through innate and adaptive responses.

  • Hormone Role

    Chemical messengers secreted by glands that regulate physiological processes.

  • Nervous System Function

    Coordinates body activities by transmitting signals between different body parts.

  • pH and Biological Systems

    pH measures acidity; biological systems maintain pH homeostasis for proper function.

  • Macromolecules of Life

    Includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids essential for structure and function of cells.

  • Enzyme Activity Factors

    Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration affect enzyme function and efficiency.

  • Meiosis Purpose

    Type of cell division producing gametes with half the chromosome number for sexual reproduction.

  • Genetic Mutations

    Changes in DNA sequence that can affect protein function and lead to genetic disorders or variation.

  • Gene Regulation

    Mechanisms that control gene expression to ensure proteins are made at the right time and amount.