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General Biology Key Concepts

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  • Biology

    the study of life and living organisms.

  • Ecosystem

    includes all living organisms in an area plus the physical environment.

  • Community

    all the populations of different species living and interacting in an area.

  • Population

    a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area.

  • Cell

    the basic unit of life in all living organisms.

  • Molecule

    two or more atoms bonded together.

  • Eukaryotic Cell

    have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

  • Prokaryotic Cell

    lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

  • DNA

    carries genetic information in living organisms.

  • Producers

    make their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

  • Consumers

    obtain energy by eating other organisms.

  • Decomposers

    break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients.

  • Climate Change

    refers to long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns.

  • Evolution

    the change in species over time through genetic variation and natural selection.

  • Natural Selection

    the process where organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce.

  • Hypothesis

    a testable explanation for a scientific question.

  • Independent Variable

    the factor that is changed or manipulated in an experiment.

  • Dependent Variable

    the factor that is measured or observed in an experiment.

  • Theory

    a well-supported explanation of natural phenomena based on evidence.

  • Model Organism

    a species studied extensively to understand biological processes.

  • Matter

    anything that has mass and takes up space.

  • Element

    a substance made of only one type of atom.

  • Compound

    a substance formed by two or more elements chemically combined.

  • Atom

    the smallest unit of an element that retains its properties.

  • Neutron

    a neutral particle in an atom's nucleus.

  • Proton

    a positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus.

  • Electron

    a negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus.

  • Atomic Number

    the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

  • Mass Number

    the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.