Skip to main content
Indietro

General Biology: Key Concepts from Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology

I pulsanti di controllo sono stati cambiati in modalità "navigazione".
1/45

Termini in questo insieme (45)

  • What happens to the energy of motion when a bike stops coasting?
    It is released as heat due to friction and energy transformation.
  • Which transport process matches the export of tears from cells?
    Exocytosis is the process of exporting substances from cells.
  • How do enzymes increase the rate of a reaction?
    By decreasing activation energy required for the reaction.
  • What is the region of an enzyme where the substrate binds called?
    The active site is where substrates bind to the enzyme.
  • How does an inhibitor affect enzyme function?
    It changes the enzyme's active site, preventing substrate binding.
  • What happens when a balloon with 10% glucose is placed in 5% glucose solution and is permeable to water but not glucose?
    Water moves into the balloon, increasing its volume due to osmosis.
  • What determines an enzyme's function?
    An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape.
  • What energy transformation powers sperm swimming motion?
    Sperm convert chemical energy into kinetic energy.
  • Define osmosis.
    Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
  • How is energy defined in biology?
    Energy is the capacity to cause change or do work.
  • What is an isotonic solution relative to a cell?
    A solution where the cell neither gains nor loses net water; concentrations are equal.
  • Diffusion is an example of what type of transport?
    Passive transport, moving substances down their concentration gradient without energy.
  • How does ATP perform cellular work?
    ATP releases energy when it loses a phosphate group, converting to ADP.
  • What type of energy does an object at rest have?
    It has potential energy due to its position or structure, but no kinetic energy.
  • How many calories are in 10 kilocalories?
    10 kilocalories equal 10,000 calories.
  • What happens during diffusion?
    Particles spread from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium.
  • Which solution is hypertonic: 10% glucose inside a balloon or 5% glucose outside?
    The 10% glucose solution inside the balloon is hypertonic relative to the 5% outside.
  • What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?
    ATP is the direct energy source for cellular processes.
  • How does RNA differ from DNA?
    RNA contains uracil instead of thymine found in DNA.
  • What are saturated fats saturated with?
    Saturated fats are saturated with hydrogen atoms and have only single bonds.
  • What type of reaction forms lactose from galactose and glucose?
    A dehydration reaction forms lactose and water.
  • What is the state of a fat with only single bonds at room temperature?
    It is saturated and solid at room temperature.
  • Steroids belong to which class of biomolecules?
    Steroids are a type of lipid.
  • Which biomolecules are hydrophilic?
    Carbohydrates are hydrophilic due to their polar groups.
  • What elements do carbohydrates typically contain?
    Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
  • What is the complementary DNA strand for GACGTCA?
    The complementary strand is CTGCAGT.
  • What components do amino acids include?
    Amino acids have a central carbon, hydrogen atom, amino group, carboxyl group, and side chain.
  • What nucleotides are found in DNA?
    DNA contains thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine.
  • What are proteins polymers of?
    Proteins are polymers made of amino acid monomers.
  • What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?
    Plant cells have a cell wall and a central vacuole.
  • What is the function of the plasma membrane?
    It regulates traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell.
  • What organelles are part of the endomembrane system?
    Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and endoplasmic reticulum.
  • Where does protein synthesis occur?
    Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes.
  • What is the major function of chloroplasts?
    Chloroplasts enable photosynthesis.
  • What type of cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall?
    A plant cell.
  • How is information transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes?
    Via mRNA.
  • What are the major lipids of plasma membranes?
    Phospholipids are the major lipids.
  • What type of cell lacks a nucleus?
    A prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus.
  • What are the four most common elements in living organisms?
    Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), and Hydrogen (H).
  • What defines an isotope of an element?
    Same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
  • What is an ion?
    An atom with an electrical charge due to unequal protons and electrons.
  • Why can some insects walk on water?
    Because of water's surface tension from cohesive properties.
  • Why is water a polar molecule?
    Oxygen has a slight negative charge; hydrogen has a slight positive charge.
  • In a sugar-coffee solution, what is the solvent?
    Coffee is the solvent.
  • How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does an uncharged iodine atom have?
    53 protons, 74 neutrons, and 53 electrons.