IndietroGeneral Biology: Macromolecules and Biomolecules
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Termini in questo insieme (29)
Starch is a polysaccharide made of glucose monomers; it serves as an energy storage molecule in plants.
Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of beta-glucose units; it forms the structural component of plant cell walls.
A fatty acid is a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group; it is a building block of lipids.
Fat is a lipid made of glycerol and three fatty acids; it stores energy and insulates the body.
Steroids are lipids with a four-ring carbon structure; examples include cholesterol and hormones.
Phospholipids have a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group; they form cell membranes.
A sugar molecule is a carbohydrate monomer like glucose or fructose, used for energy.
Dextrose is another name for glucose, a monosaccharide used as a primary energy source.
Sucrose is a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose; common table sugar.
DNA is a nucleic acid polymer made of nucleotides; it stores genetic information with base pairs A-T and C-G.
RNA is a nucleic acid polymer similar to DNA but single-stranded; base pairs include A-U and C-G.
Polypeptides are chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; they fold into proteins.
Peptide bonds are covalent bonds linking amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
Beta pleated sheets are a type of protein secondary structure formed by hydrogen bonding between strands.
Alpha helices are spiral-shaped protein secondary structures stabilized by hydrogen bonds.
In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).
In RNA, adenine pairs with uracil (A-U) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).
Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids, composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
Amino acids are the monomers of proteins, each with an amino group, carboxyl group, and side chain.
Denatured DNA has separated strands due to heat or chemicals; standard DNA is double-stranded and helical.
Chitin is a polysaccharide forming the exoskeleton of arthropods and fungal cell walls.
Cholesterol is a steroid lipid important for membrane fluidity and precursor to steroid hormones.
Glycogen is a branched polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals.
Polysaccharides are long carbohydrate chains made of many monosaccharides linked together.
Monosaccharides are simple sugars like glucose and fructose, the basic units of carbohydrates.
Disaccharides are carbohydrates made of two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond.
Saturated fats have no double bonds in their fatty acid chains and are solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds and are usually liquid at room temperature.
Trans fats are unsaturated fats with trans double bonds, often artificially produced and unhealthy.