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General Biology: Macromolecules and Cell Structure

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Termini in questo insieme (31)

  • What are the 4 major biological macromolecules?

    Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

  • What is the main role of carbohydrates?

    Quick energy and short-term energy storage.

  • What elements are mainly found in carbohydrates?

    Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, O).

  • What is the building block of carbohydrates?

    Monosaccharides (simple sugars).

  • What is an example of a monosaccharide?

    Glucose.

  • What is the main role of lipids?

    Long-term energy storage, insulation, and forming cell membranes.

  • What are fats commonly made from?

    Glycerol and fatty acids.

  • Which macromolecule is important in the cell membrane?

    Lipids, especially phospholipids.

  • What is the main role of proteins?

    Perform many cell functions including acting as enzymes and providing structure.

  • What are the building blocks of proteins?

    Amino acids.

  • What is an enzyme?

    A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction.

  • What is the main role of nucleic acids?

    Store and transmit genetic information.

  • What are the two major nucleic acids?

    DNA and RNA.

  • What does DNA contain?

    The cell's genetic information and instructions.

  • What does RNA help the cell do?

    Use genetic information to help make proteins.

  • What is an organelle?

    A specialized structure inside a cell that performs a particular function.

  • What is the cell membrane?

    The thin boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

  • What is the nucleus?

    The organelle that contains most of the cell's DNA.

  • What are ribosomes?

    Structures that make proteins.

  • What does the rough ER do?

    Helps make and process proteins; has ribosomes attached.

  • What does the smooth ER do?

    Helps make lipids and detoxifies; has no ribosomes attached.

  • What does the Golgi apparatus do?

    Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other molecules.

  • What do lysosomes do?

    Break down and recycle materials in the cell.

  • What do mitochondria do?

    Produce ATP, a usable form of energy for the cell.

  • What is ATP?

    A molecule cells use as an immediate source of energy.

  • What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

    Provides shape, support, organization, and movement.

  • What is the function of a vacuole?

    Storage of water and other substances.

  • What are major features of plant cells?

    Cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.

  • What does the cell wall do?

    Provides support and protection to plant cells.

  • What do chloroplasts do?

    Carry out photosynthesis.

  • What is photosynthesis?

    The process plants use to convert light energy into stored chemical energy.