IndietroGeneral Biology: Species, Speciation, and Phylogeny
Termini in questo insieme (31)
A group of organisms sharing a common gene pool and capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring in nature.
Defines species as populations whose members can interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring but cannot interbreed successfully with other such groups.
Defines species based on measurable physical features like body shape and size rather than interbreeding ability.
Defines species by their ecological niche, the sum of interactions with living and nonliving environment parts.
Defines species as the smallest branch on the evolutionary tree with shared ancestry and diagnostic inherited traits.
The evolutionary process by which new biological species arise.
Macroevolution: evolutionary changes above species level (e.g., origin of new species). Microevolution: small-scale allele frequency changes within a population.
Biological barriers preventing members of different species from interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring.
A reproductive barrier that prevents mating or fertilization, stopping hybrid zygote formation.
A reproductive barrier acting after hybrid zygote formation, preventing viable, fertile adult offspring.
Two species live in different habitats within the same area and rarely encounter each other to mate.
Species breed at different times (day, season, or year), preventing gamete mixing.
Differences in courtship rituals or behaviors prevent mating between species.
Physical differences prevent successful mating between species.
Sperm from one species cannot fertilize eggs of another due to biochemical incompatibility.
Genetic incompatibility causes hybrid offspring to die before reproductive maturity.
Hybrid offspring survive but are sterile and cannot produce offspring.
Speciation by geographic separation isolating gene pools until reproductive isolation develops.
Speciation without geographic separation, often via polyploidy, sexual selection, or habitat specialization.
Condition of having more than two complete chromosome sets; common in sympatric speciation, especially in plants.
A relationship where one prokaryotic cell engulfs another, becoming a permanent, mutually beneficial resident inside the host.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA, bacteria-like ribosomes, double membranes, and can reproduce independently.
Evolutionary changes and diversification patterns above species level, including origin of major groups and mass extinctions.
Evolutionary change in the timing or rate of developmental events, causing changes in adult body form.
Regulatory genes controlling body plan during development; contain the homeobox DNA sequence.
Periods with high species extinction rates, reducing biodiversity but opening ecological opportunities for diversification.
Rapid evolutionary diversification producing many new species from a common ancestor, often after mass extinction or new habitat colonization.
The branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying organisms.
System of giving species a two-part scientific name: genus name followed by specific epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens).
A branching diagram showing hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among organisms, with branch points as common ancestors.
Homology: similarity due to shared ancestry. Analogy: similarity due to convergent evolution, not common ancestry.