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General Biology: Water, Biomolecules, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

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Termini in questo insieme (20)

  • What are the key properties of water?

    Water is polar, has high specific heat, cohesion, adhesion, and is a universal solvent.

  • Why is water considered a universal solvent?

    Because its polarity allows it to dissolve many substances by surrounding and separating ions or molecules.

  • What is cohesion in water?

    Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding.

  • What is adhesion in water?

    Adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and other substances.

  • What are biomolecules?

    Biomolecules are organic molecules essential for life, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

  • What elements primarily make up biomolecules?

    Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

  • What are carbohydrates?

    Carbohydrates are biomolecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving as energy sources and structural components.

  • What is the basic monomer unit of carbohydrates?

    Monosaccharides, simple sugars like glucose.

  • What are disaccharides?

    Carbohydrates made of two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond, e.g., sucrose.

  • What are polysaccharides?

    Long chains of monosaccharides used for energy storage or structural support, e.g., starch and cellulose.

  • What are lipids?

    Lipids are hydrophobic biomolecules used for energy storage, membrane structure, and signaling.

  • What are the main types of lipids?

    Fats (triglycerides), phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.

  • What is a triglyceride?

    A lipid made of glycerol and three fatty acid chains, used for long-term energy storage.

  • What distinguishes saturated from unsaturated fatty acids?

    Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds; unsaturated have one or more double bonds causing kinks.

  • What role do phospholipids play in cells?

    They form the bilayer of cell membranes, with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

  • Why are lipids hydrophobic?

    Because they consist mostly of nonpolar hydrocarbon chains that repel water.

  • What is the function of carbohydrates in cells?

    Provide quick energy, store energy, and serve as structural components.

  • How do hydrogen bonds contribute to water's high specific heat?

    Hydrogen bonds absorb heat when broken and release heat when formed, stabilizing temperature.

  • What is the significance of water's polarity?

    It allows water to form hydrogen bonds and dissolve many substances, supporting life processes.

  • What vocabulary is important for understanding biomolecules?

    Terms like monomer, polymer, dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis, glycosidic bond, and amphipathic.