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Lab 10-DNA Isolation (for quizz 5)

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Termini in questo insieme (15)

  • What is DNA and its primary function?

    DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the hereditary material in all living organisms, carrying genetic information from parent to offspring.

  • What does DNA determine in an organism?

    DNA contains the genetic blueprint that determines the development and functioning of an organism.

  • Is the chemical structure of DNA conserved across organisms?

    Yes, the chemical structure and properties of DNA are well conserved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

  • What are the basic building blocks of DNA?

    DNA is composed of two chains of polymerized deoxyribonucleotide monomers.

  • What are the three components of a deoxyribonucleotide?

    A deoxyribonucleotide consists of a five-carbon pentose sugar called deoxyribose, a nitrogen-containing base, and three bound phosphate groups (triphosphate).

  • How are the carbons in deoxyribose numbered?

    The five carbons in deoxyribose are numbered from 1' to 5'.

  • What types of nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?

    DNA nitrogenous bases are either purines (adenine and guanine) or pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine).

  • Which bases pair together in DNA?

    Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).

  • How many hydrogen bonds hold A:T and C:G base pairs?

    A:T base pairs are held by two hydrogen bonds; C:G base pairs are held by three hydrogen bonds.

  • What is the role of the phosphate group in DNA?

    The phosphate group links the sugar of one nucleotide to the sugar of the next, forming the DNA backbone.

  • What shape does DNA form with its two strands?

    DNA forms a double helix structure with two complementary strands twisted around each other.

  • What is the sugar in DNA called and what is its significance?

    The sugar is deoxyribose, a pentose sugar that lacks one oxygen atom compared to ribose, giving DNA its name.

  • What distinguishes purines from pyrimidines?

    Purines have a double-ring structure (adenine, guanine), while pyrimidines have a single-ring structure (cytosine, thymine).

  • Why is base pairing important in DNA?

    Base pairing ensures accurate DNA replication and maintains the double helix structure.

  • What is the significance of the numbering of carbons in deoxyribose?

    Numbering carbons helps identify attachment points for the phosphate group and nitrogenous base, crucial for DNA structure.