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Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes in Eukaryotic Cells

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Termini in questo insieme (23)

  • Function of mitochondria

    Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, using oxygen to generate ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other fuels.

  • Function of chloroplasts

    Chloroplasts capture solar energy and convert it to chemical energy by synthesizing sugars from CO2 and H2O through photosynthesis.

  • Role of peroxisomes

    Peroxisomes are oxidative organelles that remove hydrogen atoms from substances and transfer them to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct.

  • Number of mitochondria in cells

    Cells may have one large mitochondrion or hundreds to thousands of smaller ones, correlating with the cell's aerobic metabolic activity.

  • Mitochondrial membranes and compartments

    Mitochondria have an outer smooth membrane and a highly folded inner membrane forming cristae, creating the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix.

  • Contents of mitochondrial matrix

    The matrix contains mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes that catalyze steps of cellular respiration.

  • Function of cristae in mitochondria

    Cristae increase the surface area of the inner membrane, enhancing the capacity for ATP generation.

  • Dynamic nature of mitochondria

    Mitochondria move, change shape, fuse with one another, and divide within the cell.

  • Chloroplast pigment and function

    Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll and enzymes for photosynthetic sugar production.

  • Internal structure of chloroplasts

    Chloroplasts have an inner membrane enclosing the stroma, which contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes, and thylakoids where light energy is converted to chemical energy.

  • Thylakoids and grana

    Thylakoids are flattened sacs; stacks of thylakoids form grana, which are sites of the light reactions of photosynthesis.

  • Compartments of chloroplasts

    Chloroplasts have three main compartments: intermembrane space, stroma, and thylakoid space.

  • Dynamic nature of chloroplasts

    Chloroplasts are mobile, change shape, and move along the cytoskeleton within the cell.

  • Plastid family and types

    Chloroplasts belong to the plastid family, which includes amyloplasts (store starch) and chromoplasts (store pigments).

  • Peroxisome function in fatty acid metabolism

    Peroxisomes break down fatty acids into smaller molecules used as fuel for respiration.

  • Peroxisomes in liver cells

    In the liver, peroxisomes detoxify alcohol and other harmful compounds by removing hydrogen atoms and combining them with oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide.

  • Glyoxysomes in plants

    Glyoxysomes in fat-storing tissues of plant seeds convert fatty acids to sugar to nourish the emerging seedling.

  • Mitochondrial inner membrane folds are called?

    The folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane are called cristae.

  • Organelle common to plant and animal cells

    Mitochondrion is common to both plant and animal cells.

  • Organelle where cyanide binds to inhibit ATP production

    Cyanide binds in the mitochondria, inhibiting molecules involved in ATP production.

  • Common trait of chloroplasts and mitochondria

    Both contain their own DNA and reproduce independently within the cell.

  • Molecule combined with hydrogen atoms in peroxisomes during detoxification

    Hydrogen atoms are combined with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide in peroxisomes.

  • Organelle that breaks down fatty acids into sugar in plants

    Glyoxysomes break down fatty acids into sugar in plant cells.