Domanda del libro di testo
Where are neurotransmitter receptors located?
a. The nuclear membrane
b. The nodes of Ranvier
c. The postsynaptic membrane
d. Synaptic vesicle membranes
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Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle11
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance6
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology7
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth8
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life8
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea6
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants6
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development10
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition11
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System5
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction9
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology9
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Capitolo 48, Problema 5
Which of the following is the most direct result of depolarizing the presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal?
a. Voltage-gated calcium channels in the membrane open
b. Synaptic vesicles fuse with the membrane
c. Ligand-gated channels open, allowing neurotransmitters to enter the synaptic cleft
d. An EPSP or IPSP is generated in the postsynaptic cell
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand the context: Depolarization of the presynaptic membrane is a crucial step in the process of synaptic transmission, which involves the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron.
Identify the sequence of events: When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it causes depolarization of the presynaptic membrane.
Recognize the role of ion channels: Depolarization of the presynaptic membrane leads to the opening of specific ion channels. In this case, focus on voltage-gated calcium channels, which are sensitive to changes in membrane potential.
Link the opening of channels to subsequent events: The opening of voltage-gated calcium channels allows calcium ions to enter the presynaptic neuron, which is a critical step for the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane.
Conclude the direct result: The most direct result of depolarizing the presynaptic membrane is the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, which is the initial trigger for the subsequent steps in neurotransmitter release.
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Depolarization of the Presynaptic Membrane
Depolarization refers to the reduction in membrane potential, making the inside of the neuron less negative compared to the outside. In the context of an axon terminal, depolarization is crucial as it triggers the opening of voltage-gated ion channels, which is a key step in neurotransmitter release during synaptic transmission.
Video consigliato:
06:04
Biological Membranes
Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels
Voltage-gated calcium channels are specialized proteins in the presynaptic membrane that open in response to depolarization. When these channels open, calcium ions flow into the neuron, which is essential for the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, leading to neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft.
Video consigliato:
08:38Ion Channels and Pumps
Synaptic Vesicle Fusion
Synaptic vesicle fusion is the process by which vesicles containing neurotransmitters merge with the presynaptic membrane. This fusion is triggered by the influx of calcium ions following the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels. The release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft is a critical step in transmitting signals to the postsynaptic neuron.
Video consigliato:
02:50Synaptic Cell Signaling
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an IPSP in postsynaptic cell X and an EPSP in postsynaptic cell Y. A likely explanation is that
a. The threshold value in the postsynaptic membrane is different for cell X and cell Y
b. The axon of cell X is myelinated, but that of cell Y is not
c. Only cell Y produces an enzyme that terminates the activity of the neurotransmitter
d. Cells X and Y express different receptor molecules for this particular neurotransmitter
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Domanda del libro di testo
A common feature of action potentials is that they
a. Cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize
b. Can undergo temporal and spatial summation
c. Are triggered by a depolarization that reaches threshold
d. Move at the same speed along all axons
1513
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Domanda del libro di testo
Why are action potentials usually conducted in one direction?
a. Ions can flow along the axon in only one direction
b. The brief refractory period prevents the reopening of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels
c. The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential than the terminals of the axon
d. Voltage-gated channels for both Na⁺ and K⁺ open in only one direction.
2992
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