Domanda del libro di testo
What important assumption does parsimony make when assessing which phylogenetic tree is most accurate? Why was parsimony misleading in the case of the astragalus during the evolution of artiodactyls?
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Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 25, Problema 4
Which of the following is an example of homoplasy?
a. Hair in humans and fur in mice
b. Astragalus ankle bones in hippos and deer
c. Hox genes in humans and flies
d. Streamlined bodies in dolphins and ichthyosaurs
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Understand the concept of homoplasy: Homoplasy refers to a trait that is similar in two species due to convergent evolution, not because of shared ancestry.
Analyze option a: Hair in humans and fur in mice are similar traits, but they are due to shared ancestry, not convergent evolution. This is an example of homology, not homoplasy.
Evaluate option b: Astragalus ankle bones in hippos and deer are similar due to shared ancestry, making them homologous structures, not homoplasy.
Consider option c: Hox genes in humans and flies are similar due to shared ancestry and are examples of homology, not homoplasy.
Examine option d: Streamlined bodies in dolphins and ichthyosaurs are similar due to convergent evolution, as both adapted to aquatic environments independently. This is an example of homoplasy.
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Homoplasy
Homoplasy refers to a trait that appears similar in two species but is not derived from a common ancestor. This similarity arises due to convergent evolution, where different species independently evolve similar traits as adaptations to similar environments or ecological niches. An example is the streamlined bodies of dolphins and ichthyosaurs, which evolved independently in response to aquatic life.
Video consigliato:
15:37
Homology and Homoplasy
Convergent Evolution
Convergent evolution is the process where organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological roles. This leads to the development of analogous structures, which serve similar functions but do not share a common ancestral origin. Streamlined bodies in dolphins and ichthyosaurs are a classic example of convergent evolution.
Video consigliato:
05:22Convergent and Divergent Evolution
Analogous Structures
Analogous structures are features in different species that perform a similar function but do not share a common ancestral origin. These structures arise due to convergent evolution, where species adapt to similar environmental challenges. For instance, the wings of bats and birds are analogous, as they serve the same function of flight but evolved independently in these lineages.
Video consigliato:
Percorso guidato
04:35Homology and Analogy
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
Which of the following best characterizes an adaptive radiation?
a. Descendant species occupy a large geographic area.
b. A single lineage diversifies rapidly, and descendant species occupy many habitats and ecological roles.
c. Natural selection is particularly intense, because disruptive selection occurs.
d. Species recover after a mass extinction.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Critique the following statement: The absence of a trait cannot be used as a synapomorphy in phylogenetic analysis; only shared derived traits that are present in the clade can be used.
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Domanda del libro di testo
Choose the best definition of a fossil.
a. A rock that contains information about an organism
b. A bone, tooth, shell, or other hard part of an organism that has been preserved
c. Any trace of an organism that lived in the past
d. Any part of a dead organism
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Domanda del libro di testo
You can use a 'one-snip test' to identify monophyletic groups—meaning that if you 'cut' any branch on a tree, everything that 'falls off' is a monophyletic group. Why is this valid?
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