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Which of the following best explains why water (H_2O) is a polar molecule?
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1. Intro to General Chemistry
Chemical Properties
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Which of the following best explains why water (H2O) is a polar molecule?
A
Water contains only nonpolar covalent bonds.
B
Water has a linear molecular geometry.
C
Water molecules are held together by ionic bonds.
D
Water has a bent molecular shape and an unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
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Understand that molecular polarity depends on both the polarity of individual bonds and the shape of the molecule.
Recognize that the O-H bonds in water are polar because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing unequal sharing of electrons.
Identify the molecular geometry of water as bent (or V-shaped) due to the two lone pairs on oxygen, which affects the overall distribution of charge.
Combine the effects of polar O-H bonds and the bent shape to see that the dipole moments do not cancel out, resulting in a net dipole moment.
Conclude that water is polar because it has polar bonds arranged in a bent shape, leading to an uneven distribution of charge across the molecule.
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