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How many electrons occupy the third energy level (n = 3) in a neutral sodium (Na) atom?
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10. Periodic Properties of the Elements
Valence Electrons of Elements
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Which part of an atom is primarily involved in chemical reactions?
A
Protons in the nucleus
B
Valence electrons
C
Neutrons in the nucleus
D
Core electrons
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Understand that chemical reactions involve the making and breaking of bonds between atoms.
Recall that atoms consist of a nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) and electrons arranged in shells around the nucleus.
Recognize that protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus and do not directly participate in chemical bonding.
Identify that electrons in the outermost shell, called valence electrons, are the ones that interact during chemical reactions.
Conclude that valence electrons determine an atom's chemical properties and reactivity, making them primarily involved in chemical reactions.
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