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As you move across a period (row) in the periodic table from left to right, how does the electronegativity of the elements generally change?
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10. Periodic Properties of the Elements
Periodic Trend: Electronegativity
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As you move down a group in the periodic table, how does the electronegativity of the elements typically change?
A
Electronegativity first increases, then decreases
B
Electronegativity increases
C
Electronegativity remains the same
D
Electronegativity decreases
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Understand that electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
Recall that as you move down a group in the periodic table, the atomic radius increases because additional electron shells are added.
Recognize that the increased distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons reduces the nucleus's pull on bonding electrons.
Consider that the effect of electron shielding by inner shells also reduces the effective nuclear charge felt by valence electrons.
Conclude that due to increased atomic size and shielding, electronegativity decreases as you move down a group in the periodic table.
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