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Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics
Brown - Chemistry: The Central Science 14th Edition
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoBrown 14th EditionCh.14 - Chemical KineticsProblema 120b
Capitolo 14, Problema 120b

The gas-phase reaction of NO with F2 to form NOF and F has an activation energy of Ea = 6.3 kJ/mol. and a frequency factor of A = 6.0 × 108 M-1 s-1. The reaction is believed to be bimolecular: NO(g) + F2(g) → NOF(g) + F(g) (b) Draw the Lewis structures for the NO and the NOF molecules, given that the chemical formula for NOF is misleading because the nitrogen atom is actually the central atom in the molecule.

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To draw the Lewis structure for NO, start by counting the total number of valence electrons. Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons and oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, giving a total of 11 valence electrons.
Place the nitrogen and oxygen atoms next to each other. Since NO is a diatomic molecule, there will be a bond between the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Use a pair of electrons to form a single bond between N and O.
Distribute the remaining valence electrons to satisfy the octet rule as much as possible. Place the remaining electrons around the oxygen atom first, as it is more electronegative, and then place any remaining electrons on the nitrogen atom.
For the NOF molecule, start by counting the total number of valence electrons. Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons, oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons, and fluorine (F) has 7 valence electrons, giving a total of 18 valence electrons.
Place the nitrogen atom in the center, as it is the central atom in NOF. Connect the nitrogen atom to the oxygen and fluorine atoms with single bonds. Distribute the remaining valence electrons to satisfy the octet rule, starting with the more electronegative atoms (O and F), and then place any remaining electrons on the nitrogen atom.

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Activation Energy

Activation energy (Ea) is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. It represents the energy barrier that reactants must overcome to transform into products. In the context of the given reaction, a low activation energy of 6.3 kJ/mol indicates that the reaction can proceed relatively easily, which is important for understanding reaction kinetics.
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Activity Series Chart

Bimolecular Reactions

Bimolecular reactions involve two reactant molecules colliding to form products. This type of reaction is characterized by a rate that depends on the concentration of both reactants. In the provided reaction, the bimolecular nature suggests that the rate of formation of NOF and F is influenced by the concentrations of both NO and F2, which is crucial for predicting reaction behavior.
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Molecularity in Reactions

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They help visualize the arrangement of electrons and the connectivity of atoms. For the NO and NOF molecules, drawing Lewis structures will clarify the molecular geometry and the role of nitrogen as the central atom in NOF, which is essential for understanding its chemical properties.
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Lewis Dot Structures: Ions
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The reaction between ethyl iodide and hydroxide ion in ethanol (C2H5OH) solution, C2H5I(alc) + OH-(alc) → C2H5OH(l) + I-(alc), has an activation energy of 86.8 kJ/mol and a frequency factor of 2.10 × 1011 M-1 s-1. (c) Which reagent in the reaction is limiting, assuming the reaction proceeds to completion?

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The reaction between ethyl iodide and hydroxide ion in ethanol (C2H5OH) solution, C2H5I(alc) + OH-(alc) → C2H5OH(l) + I-(alc), has an activation energy of 86.8 kJ/mol and a frequency factor of 2.10 × 1011 M-1 s-1. (d) Assuming the frequency factor and activation energy do not change as a function of temperature, calculate the rate constant for the reaction at 50 C.

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The mechanism for the oxidation of HBr by O2 to form 2 H2O and Br2 is shown in Exercise 14.74. (a) Calculate the overall standard enthalpy change for the reaction process.

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The gas-phase reaction of NO with F2 to form NOF and F has an activation energy of Ea = 6.3 kJ>mol. and a frequency factor of A = 6.0 * 108 M-1 s-1. The reaction is believed to be bimolecular: NO1g2 + F21g2 ¡ NOF1g2 + F1g2 (e) Suggest a reason for the low activation energy for the reaction.

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The mechanism for the oxidation of HBr by O2 to form 2 H2O and Br2 is shown in Exercise 14.74. (c) Draw a plausible Lewis structure for the intermediate HOOBr. To what familiar compound of hydrogen and oxygen does it appear similar?

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