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Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 11, Problema 31

The following diagram shows a close-up view of part of the vapor-pressure curves for a solvent (red curve) and a solution of the solvent with a second liquid (green curve). Is the second liquid more volatile or less volatile than the solvent? Graph showing vapor-pressure curves for a solvent (red) and a solution (green) against temperature.

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Identify the vapor-pressure curves for the solvent (red curve) and the solution (green curve) on the graph.
Understand that vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid phase at a given temperature.
Note that a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature indicates a more volatile substance.
Compare the vapor pressures of the solvent and the solution at the same temperature.
Conclude that since the vapor pressure of the solution (green curve) is lower than that of the solvent (red curve) at the same temperature, the second liquid in the solution is less volatile than the solvent.

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Vapor Pressure

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase at a given temperature. It reflects the tendency of particles to escape from the liquid phase into the vapor phase. A higher vapor pressure indicates a greater volatility, meaning the substance evaporates more readily.
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Raoult's Law and Vapor Pressure

Volatility

Volatility refers to how easily a substance vaporizes. A volatile liquid has a high vapor pressure at a given temperature, indicating that it can transition to the gas phase quickly. In the context of the question, comparing the vapor pressures of the solvent and the solution helps determine which component is more volatile.
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Van't Hoff Factor

Raoult's Law

Raoult's Law states that the vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent present. When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, the vapor pressure of the solvent decreases, indicating that the solution has a lower vapor pressure than the pure solvent, which can help infer the volatility of the second liquid.
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Raoult's Law and Vapor Pressure
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