Domanda del libro di testo
The following graph is a heating curve for chloroform, a solvent for fats, oils, and waxes:
d. At the following temperatures, is chloroform a solid, liquid, or gas?
–80 °C, –40 °C; 25 °C; 80 °C
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Ch.3 Matter and Energy
Timberlake14th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives19
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy53
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements58
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions38
- Ch.8 Gases30
- Ch.9 Solutions50
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium64
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons77
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones82
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides91
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis86
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production73
Timberlake14th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Capitolo 3, Problema 100
A 45-g piece of ice at 0.0 °C is added to a sample of water at 8.0 °C. All of the ice melts and the temperature of the water decreases to 0.0 °C. How many grams of water were in the sample?
Guida verificata passo dopo passo1
Step 1: Identify the energy required to melt the ice. Use the formula \( q = m \cdot \Delta H_{fus} \), where \( m \) is the mass of the ice (45 g) and \( \Delta H_{fus} \) is the heat of fusion for water (334 J/g). This will give the energy needed to convert the ice at 0.0 °C to liquid water at 0.0 °C.
Step 2: Determine the energy lost by the water sample as it cools from 8.0 °C to 0.0 °C. Use the formula \( q = m \cdot c \cdot \Delta T \), where \( m \) is the mass of the water sample (unknown), \( c \) is the specific heat capacity of water (4.18 J/g·°C), and \( \Delta T \) is the temperature change (8.0 °C - 0.0 °C).
Step 3: Set up an energy balance equation. The energy lost by the water sample as it cools to 0.0 °C must equal the energy required to melt the ice. This gives \( m_{water} \cdot c \cdot \Delta T = m_{ice} \cdot \Delta H_{fus} \).
Step 4: Rearrange the energy balance equation to solve for \( m_{water} \), the mass of the water sample. Substitute the known values for \( m_{ice} \), \( \Delta H_{fus} \), \( c \), and \( \Delta T \).
Step 5: Perform the calculation using the rearranged formula to find \( m_{water} \). Ensure units are consistent throughout the calculation (e.g., grams and joules).
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Ecco i concetti essenziali che devi comprendere per rispondere correttamente alla domanda.
Heat Transfer
Heat transfer is the process of thermal energy moving from one object or substance to another due to a temperature difference. In this scenario, heat flows from the warmer water at 8.0 °C to the colder ice at 0.0 °C, causing the ice to melt and the water temperature to decrease. Understanding this concept is crucial for analyzing how energy is exchanged in the system.
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02:19
Heat Capacity
Latent Heat of Fusion
Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a solid into a liquid at its melting point without changing its temperature. For ice, this value is approximately 334 J/g. This concept is essential for calculating the energy needed to melt the ice in the problem, which directly influences the final temperature of the water.
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Percorso guidato
02:19Heat Capacity
Specific Heat Capacity
Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius. Water has a specific heat capacity of about 4.18 J/g°C. This concept is important for determining how much energy the water loses as its temperature decreases from 8.0 °C to 0.0 °C, which helps in finding the mass of the water sample.
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02:19Heat Capacity
Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo
A hot-water bottle for a patient contains 725 g of water at 65 °C. If the water cools to body temperature (37 °C), how many kilojoules of heat could be transferred to sore muscles?
966
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Domanda del libro di testo
In a large building, oil is used in a steam boiler heating system. The combustion of 1.0 lb of oil provides 2.4 × 107 J.
b. How many kilograms of oil are needed to change 150 kg of water to steam at 100 °C?
1203
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Domanda del libro di testo
When a 0.66-g sample of olive oil is burned in a calorimeter, the heat released increases the temperature of 370 g of water from 22.7 °C to 38.8 °C. What is the energy value for the olive oil in kcal/g?
2862
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Domanda del libro di testo
In a large building, oil is used in a steam boiler heating system. The combustion of 1.0 lb of oil provides 2.4 × 107 J.
a. How many kilograms of oil are needed to heat 150 kg of water from 22 °C to 100 °C?
935
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Domanda del libro di testo
When 1.0 g of gasoline burns, it releases 11 kcal. The density of gasoline is 0.74 g/mL.
b. If a television requires 150 kJ/h to run, how many hours can the television run on the energy provided by 1.0 gal of gasoline?
1007
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