Antimicrobial Drugs in Microbiology

Bind 30S ribosomal subunit at tRNA docking site (A site), blocking tRNA attachment.

Blocks enzymatic site of 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing peptide bond formation.

Bind 50S subunit preventing ribosome movement from one codon to the next.

Selective binding to bacterial tRNA carrying leucine, preventing isoleucine incorporation into polypeptides.

Block formation of stable 70S initiation complex, preventing translation.

Forms pores across cytoplasmic membrane, damaging membrane integrity.

Disrupts cytoplasmic membranes, effective against gram-negative bacteria but toxic to human kidneys.

Interferes with folic acid synthesis, acting as an antimetabolite.

PABA analogs that bind enzyme producing dihydrofolic acid, inhibiting folic acid synthesis.

Binds enzyme converting dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, blocking folic acid pathway.

Inhibit DNA gyrase, essential for DNA coiling and uncoiling during replication.

Reduced by anaerobic bacteria to generate toxic free radicals that damage DNA causing cell death.

Prevents formation of mycolic acid, a key cell wall component in Mycobacteria.

Blocks gene for enzyme forming mycolic acid in Mycobacteria.

Disrupts membrane transport and prevents repair of damaged proteins in Mycobacteria.

Binds bacterial RNA polymerase, preventing RNA transcription.

Binds DNA of Mycobacterium leprae, preventing replication and transcription.

Antisense nucleic acid drug complementary to mRNA, blocking viral protein synthesis.

Inhibit viral uncoating by neutralizing acidic environment of phagolysosomes.

Block active site of HIV protease enzyme, preventing viral protein processing.

Activated by viral kinase; inhibits viral DNA and RNA synthesis as a nucleotide analog.

Reverse transcriptase inhibitor activated by cell kinase, incorporated into viral DNA to inhibit synthesis.

Prevent Influenza virus from attaching to host cells, blocking viral spread.

Inhibit synthesis of glucan subunit of fungal cell wall.

Bind ergosterol forming pores in fungal membranes causing leakage of cytoplasmic contents.

Inhibit synthesis of ergosterol, disrupting fungal cell membrane integrity.

Converted by fungal enzyme into 5-fluorouracil, inhibiting RNA function and nucleic acid synthesis.

Inhibit microtubule formation and glucose uptake in helminths.

Increase cell membrane permeability, disrupting helminth cytoplasmic membranes.

Interrupts electron transport chain in protozoa, inhibiting metabolism.

Reduced under anaerobic conditions to toxic free radicals damaging protozoan DNA.

Binds nucleic acids inhibiting replication, transcription, and translation.

Mechanism unknown but used to treat protozoan infections.