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Indietro

Antimicrobiala

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Termini in questo insieme (47)

  • Phosphonomycin

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

    • Inhibits the conversion of UDP-NAG to UDP-NAM by blocking pyruvyl transferase

  • Cycloserine

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

    • Inhibits the activity of enzymes that add alanines to peptide side-chain

  • Bacitracin

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

    • Blocks the secretion of NAG and NAM from cytoplasm by binding the lipid carrier bactoprenol and preventing its dephosphorylation

  • Vancomycin

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

    • Binds to terminal D-ala-D-ala chains on NAM peptides preventing thereby preventing transglycosylation and transpeptidation

  • Beta-lactams

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

    • Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams

    • Inhibit the transpeptidation reaction that cross-links the peptide side-chains of the polysaccharide-peptidoglycan backbone

  • Aminoglycosides-

    Streptomycin,

    Gentamicin

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of protein synthesis

    • Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit of prokarytic

    ribosomes causing a change in 30S shape leading to misreading of

    mRNA

  • Tetracyclines

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of protein synthesis

    • Bind to 30S ribosomal subunit at the tRNA docking site (A site)

  • Chloramphenicol

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of protein synthesis

    • Blocks the enzymatic site of 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes

    preventing formation of peptide bonds between aminoacids

    • Rarely used

  • Lincosamides, Streptogramins, Macrolides

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of protein synthesis

    • Bind to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes preventing movement of

    ribosome from one codon to the next.

  • Mupirocin

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of protein synthesis

    • Selectively binds to the bacterial tRNA that carries the amino acid

    leucine therby preventing the incorporation of isoleucine into

    polypeptides

  • Oxazolidinones- Linezolid

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of protein synthesis

    • Block the formation of a stable 70S initiation complex thereby preventing translation

  • Gramicidin

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane

    • Short polypeptide that forms pores across cytoplasmic membrane damaging its integrity

  • Polymyxin

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane

    • Destroys cytoplasmic membranes of

    suceptible cells

    • Effective against gram negative bacteria

    • Toxic to human kidneys

  • Dapsone

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of metabolic pathways

    • Interferes with synthesis of folic acid

  • Sulfonamides

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of metabolic pathways

    • PABA analogs that bind to enzyme that produces dihydrofolic acid

  • Trimethoprim

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of metabolic pathways

    • Binds to the enzyme that converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid

  • Fluoroquinolones-

    Ciprofloxacin

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

    • Synthetic agents that inhibit DNA gyrase- enzyme necessary for

    proper coiling and uncoiling of replicating bacterial DNA

  • Nitroimidazoles-

    Metronidazole

    • ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

    • Anaerobic bacteria reduce the drug molecule and generate toxic

    free radicals which damage DNA leading to cell death

  • Ethambutol

    • ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

    • Prevents the formation of mycolic acid- an important constituent in the cell wall of Mycobacteria

  • Isoniazid

    • ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

    • Blocks the gene for an enzyme that forms mycolic acid

  • Pyrazinamide

    • ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane

    • Disrupts membrane transport and prevents the bacteria from repairing damaged proteins

  • Clofazimine

    • ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

    • Binds to DNA of Mycobacterium leprae preventing replication and

      transcription

  • Rifamycin

    • ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

    • Bind to bacterial RNA polymerase preventing transcription of RNA

  • Antisense Nucleic Acid Drugs-

    Fomiversen

    • ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of protein synthesis

    • Complementary to mRNA; binding prevents protein synthesis by blocking ribosomes

  • Drugs that inhibit viral uncoating-

    Arildone,

    Amantidine,

    Rimantadine

    • ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of metabolic pathways

    • Neutralizes acidic environment of phagolysosomes necessary for viral uncoating

  • Drugs that inhibit viral proteins-

    Protease

    inhibitors

    • ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of metabolic pathways

    • Blocks the active site of Protease enzyme required by HIV near the end of its replication cycle

  • Acyclovir, Ribavirin

    • ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

    • Virally encoded kinase enzyme activates these

    drugs

    • Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

  • Adenosine

    arabinoside

    • ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

    • Cell-coded kinase enzyme activates the drug

    • Inhibits DNA synthesis

    • Viral DNA polymerase more likely to

    incorporate the drug

  • Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors-

    Azidothymidine

    • ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

    • Cell-coded kinase enzyme activates the dru

    • Inhibits DNA synthesis

    • Viral reverse transcriptase more likely to incorporate the drug

    • Used to treat HIV

  • Pleconaril

    • ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

    • Prevention of virus attachment

    • Blocks attachment molecule on host cell

  • Neuraminidase inhibitors-

    Zanamivir

    • ANTIVIRAL DRUGS

    • Prevention of virus attachment

    • Prevents Influenza virus from attaching to cells

  • Echinocandins

    • ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

    • Inhibits synthesis of glucan subunit of fungal cell wall

  • Polyenes-

    Amphotericin B,

    Nystatin

    • ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition/Disruption of cell membrane

    • Binds with molecules of ergosterol, forming a pore through the fungal membrane, leading to leakage of cytoplasmic contents

  • Azoles-

    Flucanazole

    • ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition/Disruption of cell membrane

    • Inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol

  • Allylamines-

    Terbinafine

    • ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS

    • Inhibition/Disruption of cell membrane

    • Inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol

  • 5-Fluorocytosine

    • ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS

    • Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

    • A fungal enzyme converts this drug into 5-fluorouracil - an analog of uracil that inhibits RNA function

  • Benzimidazole

    • ANTIHELMINTIC DRUGS

    • Inhibition of metabolic pathways

    • Inhibit microtubule formation and glucose uptake

  • Praziquantel,

    Ivermectin

    • ANTIHELMINTIC DRUGS

    • Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane

    • Increase cell membrane permeability

  • Atovaquone

    • ANTIPROTOZOAN DRUGS

    • Inhibition of metabolic pathways

    • Interrupts electron transport chain

  • Benzimidazole

    • ANTIPROTOZOAN DRUGS

    • Inhibition of metabolic pathways

    • Inhibit microtubule formation and glucose uptake

  • Furazolidone

    • ANTIPROTOZOAN DRUGS

    • Inhibition of metabolic pathways

    • Blocks carbohydrate metabolism pathway

  • Proguanil,

    Pyrimethamine

    • ANTIPROTOZOAN DRUGS

    • Inhibition of metabolic pathways

    • Blocks second step in folic acid biosynthetic pathway

  • Sulfonamides

    • ANTIPROTOZOAN DRUGS

    • Inhibition of metabolic pathways

    • PABA analogs that bind to enzyme that produces dihydrofolic acid

  • Trimethoprim

    • ANTIPROTOZOAN DRUGS

    • Inhibition of metabolic pathways

    • Binds to the enzyme that converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid

  • Nitroimidazole

    • ANTIPROTOZOAN DRUGS

    • Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

    • Anaerobic conditions reduce the drug molecule and generate toxic free radicals which damage DNA leading to cell death

  • Pentamidine

    • ANTIPROTOZOAN DRUGS

    • Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

    • Binds to nucleic acids inhibiting replication, trancription, and translation

  • Quinolones -

    chloroquine

    • ANTIPROTOZOAN DRUGS

    • Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

    • Unknown mechanism