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Bacterial Diseases Path quiz part One

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Termini in questo insieme (23)

  • Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

    Rickettsia rickettsia symptoms include fever, headaches,

    muscle pains, chills, and a spotted non itchy rash on the trunk and appendages. The rash on palms or

    the soles of the feet are characteristic of this RMSF. Rickettsia is transmitted by ticks and is an intracellular pathogen.

  • Gas gangrene

    Clostridium perfrigens. Symptoms include increased pain and swelling

    around the injury, fever, pale skin that progresses to purple, foul smelling drainage, crepitation, and

    tachycardia.

  • Hansen’s disease

    Mycobacterium leprae. There two forms, tuberculoid leprosy and lepromatous leprosy, Symptoms may include loss of sensation in skin lesions or disfigurement. Transmission is by droplets from the nose and mouths of

    patients. Diagnosis is by acid fast rods from the affected tissue.

  • Botulism

    Botulism is not an infection but an intoxication. The toxin blocks the release of Ach at the neuromuscular junction, which uncouples the nervous system from muscles, causing paralysis. Death results from the diaphragm paralysis, and the patient remains mentally alert throughout the process.

  • Tetanus

    Clostridium tetani releases tetanospasmin a neurotoxin. Symptoms include tightening of the jaw and neck muscles, difficulty swallowing and fever. The toxin inhibits the antagonist nerve pathway.

  • Lyme disease

    Borrelia burgdorferi. Symptoms include bull’s eye rash, malaise and headaches. The disease has three stages if untreated. The bacteria is transmitted by a tick.

  • Brucellosis

    Brucella. Symptoms include a fluctuating fever that spikes every afternoon,

    headache, myalgia and weight loss. The bacteria grows inside phagocytes. The bacteria is transmitted

    by contact with animal blood, urine or placenta.

  • The Plague

    Yersinia pestis. Symptoms include buboes, fever, chills, malaise and death of infected tissue which turns black. Transmitted by flea bites.

  • Tuberculosis

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Symptoms vary may be a minor cough as disease progresses chest pain, coughing up blood, wheezing and breathing difficulty. Transmission is

    through respiratory droplets and fomites.

  • Pertussis

    Bordetella pertussis. Symptoms change during the four phases . Transmission is by respiratory droplets.

  • Diphtheria

    Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Symptoms include sore throat, fever, oozing of a fluid which thickens into a pseudomembrane which may completely block the trachea leading to suffocation.

  • Inhalation anthrax

    Bacillus anthracis. Infective dose is 800-50,000 endospores inhaled into the lungs. The bacteria secrete anthrax toxin which is lethal. Symptoms include a mild cough that progresses in several days to a severe cough, nausea, confusion, shock and death.

  • Shigellosis

    Shigella dysenteriae, body system affect-GI system, hallmark symptom

    bloody diarrhea, others symptoms cramps, fever, dehydration. Mode of transmission: person to person,

    fecal oral transmission

  • Cholera

    Vibrio cholerae, body system affected GI, hall mark symptom rice water stool, mode of transmission fecal-oral route. Causes dehydration which may be lethal.

  • Traveler's diarrhea

    E. coli. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea lasting 1-3 days. Transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water. O, H and K antigens on E. coli help to distinguish different strains. May release Shiga-like toxin which causes kidney failure.

  • Campylobacter diarreha

    Camplyobacter jejuni. Virulence factors include cytotoxins, adhesins and Lipid A. Ten or more bowel movements per day some may be bloody. Transmitted from domestic animals through consumption of milk or water contaminated with animal feces.

  • Peptic ulcers

    Helicobacter pylori. Virulence factors are flagella, adhesins, enzymes to inhibit phagocytosis, proteins that block stomach acid production and urease. Signs and symptoms are abdominal pain after eating, heartburn, indigestion, nausea fatigue and bloody stools. Fecal-oral transmission.

  • Clostridium difficle

    Clostridium difficile. Numerous watery foul smelling stools and pseudomembranes are signs. 5% of Americans carry C. difficile normally in the microbiome. Using antibiotics for long periods can kill off competing microbes and induce sporulation. Endospores geminate when growth conditions are good.

  • Thyphoid fever

    Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. Transmitted through contaminated water. High fever, muscle aches, stomach ache, malaise and rose colored spots.

  • Salmonellosis

    Salmonella enterica. Zoonotic from domestic poultry through consumption of fecally contaminated meat or eggs.

    Nonbloody diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever and headache. Complication is dehydration.

  • Toxic shock syndrome

    Staph aureus. Enters through the vagina or a wound. Releases exotoxins that are distributed by the blood stream. Signs and symptoms are sudden onset of fever, rash and very low blood pressure, the result of a cytokine storm.

  • Gonorrhea

    Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sexually transmitted through mucous membranes of the genitalia. Men experience painful urination and pus filled discharge. Women are usually asymptomatic. May have virulence factors e.g. capsules, fimbriae, lipid A and variable surface Ag to help evade antibodies.

  • Syphillis

    Treponema pallidum. Primary syphilis sign is a chancre. Secondary syphilis symptoms and signs are a sore throat, headache and widespread rash. Tertiary syphilis can cause dementia, blindness, heart failure and gummas.