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Study guide test 2

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Termini in questo insieme (23)

  • What are the five classes of Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria)?
    Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Campylobacterota.
  • What is a key characteristic of Alphaproteobacteria?
    Most can grow with very low nutrient levels and many have stalks or buds called prosthecae.
  • What is Pelagibacter known for?
    One of the most abundant ocean microorganisms, extremely small, and important in Earth's carbon cycle.
  • What role does Azospirillum play in soil?
    Associates with plant roots, especially tropical grasses and sugarcane, and fixes nitrogen.
  • What diseases are caused by Rickettsia species?
    Spotted fevers including epidemic typhus, endemic murine typhus, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
  • How is Ehrlichia transmitted and what disease does it cause?
    Transmitted by ticks and causes ehrlichiosis.
  • What is the function of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium?
    Fix nitrogen in the roots of leguminous plants; known as rhizobia.
  • What disease does Agrobacterium cause in plants?
    Causes crown gall by inserting a plasmid into plant cells, inducing tumor formation.
  • What is the metabolic role of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter?
    Chemoautotrophs that oxidize ammonium to nitrite (Nitrosomonas) and nitrite to nitrate (Nitrobacter).
  • What are key features of Betaproteobacteria Spirillum and Sphaerotilus?
    Spirillum moves via polar flagella in freshwater; Sphaerotilus forms protective sheaths in freshwater and sewage.
  • What diseases are caused by Bordetella and Burkholderia?
    Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough; Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis.
  • What diseases are caused by Neisseria species?
    N. gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea; N. meningitidis causes meningococcal meningitis.
  • What is the significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
    An opportunistic pathogen causing wound and urinary tract infections; metabolically diverse with polar flagella.
  • What diseases are caused by Legionella and Coxiella?
    Legionella causes legionellosis; Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever.
  • What diseases are caused by Vibrio species?
    Vibrio cholerae causes cholera; Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis.
  • What are Enterobacteriales and their characteristics?
    Common intestinal bacteria called enterics; ferment carbohydrates; facultative anaerobes with peritrichous flagella.
  • What diseases are caused by Escherichia, Salmonella, and Shigella?
    E. coli causes foodborne disease and UTIs; Salmonella causes foodborne illness and typhoid fever; Shigella causes bacillary dysentery.
  • What is unique about Campylobacter and Helicobacter?
    Slender, helical gram-negative rods; Campylobacter causes foodborne intestinal disease; Helicobacter causes peptic ulcers and stomach cancer.
  • What are the characteristics of Chlamydiae?
    Lack peptidoglycan; grow intracellularly; form infectious elementary bodies; cause diseases like trachoma and respiratory infections.
  • How do spirochetes move and what diseases do they cause?
    Move via axial filaments causing corkscrew motility; cause syphilis, Lyme disease, and relapsing fever.
  • What distinguishes high G+C and low G+C gram-positive bacteria?
    High G+C include Streptomyces and Mycobacterium; low G+C include Streptococcus and Clostridium.
  • What are key features of Bacillus and Staphylococcus?
    Bacillus are endospore-forming rods; B. anthracis causes anthrax. Staphylococcus forms grape-like clusters; S. aureus causes wound infections and produces enterotoxins.
  • What are the main groups of Archaea and their characteristics?
    Include halophiles (require >25% salt), thermophiles (grow >80°C), acidophiles (grow at pH near 0), and methanogens (anaerobic methane producers).